Muscle and connective tissues

• Types of muscle

  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
• Skeletal muscles

  • Under voluntary control
  • Over 750 Muscles in the body
  • Largest system in terms of weight
  • Muscle fibres are covered by sheaths
  • Endomysium
  • Perimysium
  • Epimyseum
• Cardiac muscles

  • Involuntary
  • Striated
• Smooth muscles

  • Involuntary
  • Unstriated
• Sarcomere

  Unit of Muscle
• Components of sarcomere

  • Actin
  • Myosin
  • Overlap
• Types of muscle fibres

  • Type I / Slow Twitch
  • Type IIa / Fast Oxidative
  • Type IIb / Fast Glycolytic
• Connective tissues

  • Bone
  • Cartilage
  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
• Connective tissues

  • Fibrous type of tissue
  • Connects / supports structure
  • Examples (Blood, bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia etc.)
  • They have Cells
  • Non-cellular matrix
  • Fibres
  • Other substance
• Bone

  • Specialised connective tissue
  • Provides Structure
  • Provides Protection
  • Muscle attachment
  • Cells: Osteocytes, Osteoblast, Osteoclasts
  • Matrix: Organic (Collagen, Proteoglycans, matrix proteins), Inorganic (Calcium hydroxyapatite, Calcium phosphate)
  • Compact Bone
  • Spongy Bone
• Cartilage

  • Provides Protection
  • Provides Shock absorption
  • Provides Structure
  • Cells: Chondrocytes, Chondroblasts
  • Matrix: Organic (Collagen/ elastin), Water
  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • Fibrous cartilage
  • Elastic Cartilage
• Ligament

  • Connects bones with bones
  • Provides stability to joint
  • Cells: Fibroblast
  • Matrix: Organic: Collagen and elastin, Inorganic: Water
• Tendon

  • Connects muscles with bones
  • Important for joint movement
  • Cells: Fibroblast
  • Matrix: Organic: Collagen and elastin, Inorganic: Water
• Elastin

  Has elastic properties and can stretch
• Collagen

  Tougher substance provides strength and stiffness but little stretch
• Tissues differ in proportion of elastin and collagen depending on function
• Cold morning

  Joints and muscles feel stiff
• Warm up

  Helps stretch them
• Mechanical properties of tissues change in response to temperature changes