CLIN PHARM [LAB] GROUP 3 - PREGNANCY AND LACTATION pt. 1

• INTRODUCTION

  • ___ ___ and ___ ___ will help you to stay healthy during your pregnancy as well as contribute to the healthy growth and development of your baby.

  Healthy eating, physical activity
• INTRODUCTION

  • During pregnancy, a woman needs more ___ than when not pregnant. To get enough nutrients, emphasis should be placed on eating a variety of local and seasonal vegetables, fruits, wholegrains, meat, fish, eggs and plant protein foods aiming for the best food quality.

  nutrients
• INTRODUCTION

  • During pregnancy, a woman needs more nutrients than when not pregnant. To get enough nutrients, emphasis should be placed on eating a variety of local and seasonal vegetables, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___ ___ foods aiming for the best food quality

  fruits, wholegrains, meat, fish, eggs, plant protein
• INTRODUCTION

  • Avoid foods that are high in ___, ___ ___ and ___.

  sugar, saturated fats, salt
• INTRODUCTION

  • ___ or ___ ___ may be taken on the advice of your doctor.

  Multivitamin, prenatal supplementations
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

  PREGNANCY: (3)

  • Hormonal changes
  • Fetal development
  • Maternal adaptations
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

  LACTATION: (3)

  • Breast development
  • Milk production
  • Milk composition
• EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • According to the WHO (2019), although important progress has been made in the last two decades, about 287,000 ___ died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2020.

  women
• EPIDEMIOLOGY

  
  

  The most common direct causes of maternal injury and death are: (5)HEOU

  • High blood pressure
  • Excessive blood loss
  • Obstructed labor
  • Unsafe abortion
• EPIDEMIOLOGY

  as well as indirect causes such as: (3) MAH

  • Anemia
  • Malaria
  • Heart disease
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  PREGNANCY

  Divided into three trimesters: (3)

  • 1st Trimester
  • 2nd Trimester
  • 3rd Trimester
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • week 1 - end of week 12: ___ ___

  1st Trimester
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • week 13 - end of week 26: ___ ___

  2nd Trimester
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • week 27 - end of pregnancy

  3rd Trimester
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  3 Classification of Signs and Symptoms:

  • Presumptive
  • Probable
  • Positive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS: 3 Classification of Signs and Symptoms

  • objective signs

  Probable
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS: 3 Classification of Signs and Symptoms

  • documented signs; confirms the pregnancy

  Positive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • Missed period (amenorrhea)
  • Nausea and vomiting

  Presumptive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • Breast tenderness and enlargement
  • Fatigue and sleepiness

  Presumptive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • Food cravings

  Presumptive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • Evidence of a fetal heartbeat that is distinct from the mother’s

  Positive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • Presence of fetal movements

  Positive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • Ultrasound imaging of the developing fetus

  Positive
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • often the first sign of possible pregnancy

  Missed period (amenorrhea)
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION & DIAGNOSIS

  • Nausea and Vomiting - aka “___ ___”

  morning sickness
• Diagnosis: To confirm pregnancy

  • Detect a pregnancy hormone called ___ ___ ___(βhCG)

  human chorionic gonadotropin
• Diagnosis: To confirm pregnancy

  Includes: ___ ___ ___, ___ ___, ___ ___ (3) HUB

  Home test kit, Urine Test, Blood Test
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common) (4) GF SU

  1. Genetic Screening
  2. First trimester screening
  3. Second trimester prenatal screening
  4. Ultrasound
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common)

  • can help diagnose the potential for certain genetic disorders before birth

  Genetic Screening
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common)

  • Combination of fetal ultrasound and maternal blood testing

  First trimester screening
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common)

  • This screening process can help determine the risk of the fetus having certain birth defects.

  First trimester screening
• Diagnosis: First trimester screening

  • Combination of ___ ___ and ___ ___ ___

  fetal ultrasound, maternal blood testing
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common)

  • May include several blood tests called multiple markers

  Second trimester prenatal screening
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common)

  • These markers provide information about the risk of having a baby with certain genetic conditions or birth defects.

  Second trimester prenatal screening
• Diagnosis: Second-trimester prenatal screening

  • May include several blood tests called ___ ___

  multiple markers
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common)

  • Diagnostic technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the internal organs.

  Ultrasound
• Diagnosis: Tests during Pregnancy (most common)

  • Done during the course of your pregnancy to check normal fetal growth and verify the due date.

  Ultrasound
• Diagnosis: Ultrasound

  • Two types: AT
  • Abdominal ultrasound
  • Transvaginal Ultrasound
• LACTATION: Symptoms (5) 3BML

  1. Breast pain
  2. Breast lump
  3. Blood-stained nipple discharge.
  4. Mastitis
  5. Lactational abscess
• LACTATION: Symptoms (5) 3BML

  1. Breast pain
  2. Breast lump
  3. Blood-stained nipple discharge.
  4. Mastitis
  5. Lactational abscess