Essay 6.

• Essay Question - Outbreak of WWI (factors)
• Julius Caesar “Veni Vedi Vici” - I came I saw I conquered (well in context when describing great war)
• WWI 1914 to 1918 triggered by the assassination of archduke ferdinand in sarajevo, thought to be have done by a bosnian serb member of black hand
• Blank check agreement between austria-hungary and Germany signed, allowing AH to attack serbia with support of Germany (short term)
• War broke out due to long term causes like imperialism
• Each country gained an imperialistic aspiration by coming seeing and conquering territories creating rivalries amongst countries
• Include wave of nationalism, imperialism, the dating of alliance systems, strong sense of militarism, and events before 1914 lead up to the outbreak of WWI
• Nationalism - Wave of nationalism within each country prophesied the foreseeable war.
• Nationalism - Role model of nationalism was Kaiser Wilhelm with desire for world power.

  Similarly to 1871, Germany wanted to enlarge by acquiring colonies.
• Nationalism - Strong supporter of France wanted to seek revenge over Alsace Lorraine which Germany gained by war underlining the continuous French-German rivalry.
• Nationalism - Pride of nationalities defines our place in history.
• Nationalism - One can say that the member of black hand killed the archduke as a result of patriotism, showing dedication to serbian nationality, demanding to break free from the empire.
• Imperialism - Provided a general framework for the outbreak.
• Imperialism - Sudden increase in gaining colonies from 1880 to 1914 in Africa and Asia showed a great competition between countries and desire for powerful empires caused by nationalism.
• Imperialism - Each country was acquiring colonies due to the raw materials and in order to assure economic growth.
• Imperialism - Principle of further development caused tensions between great powers 
• Imperialism - 90% of all african territory was brought under European rule.
• Alliance systems - Formed between the period of 1879 and 1914.
• Alliance systems - Formation of alliances changed the balance of power, divided Europe into two armed camps causing rivalry between great powers.
• Alliance systems - 1879 Germany set up a dual alliance with AH later used as an aid for AH against Serbia in event of war.
• Alliance systems - 1882 Triple alliance Germany, AH, Italy, worried countries Fr and Ru as feared attack between acting countries. (Franco-Russian alliance 1892)
• Alliance systems - 1904 Br joined Fr/Ru creating entente cordiale.

  1907 triple entente Br/Fr/Ru due to fear of Germany’s lust for domination
• Alliance systems - AJP Taylor argues alliances created excessively rigid diplomatic framework, within which relatively small detonators could produce huge explosions
• Militarism - 1897 Kaiser Wilhelm II introduced weltpolitik.
• Militarism - Nationalism increased tension and influence in causing WWI.
• Militarism - Jealous of Br Empire wanted Germany to become a great power.

  ^ Needed a navy that could challenge Br, aim to frighten Br with a stronger navy.
• Militarism - Kaiser increased defence expenditure to 73 mil 1910-14, Br responded the same.
• Militarism - Ge provoked Br, the race for building more and better warships started.
• Militarism - 1914 Ge army 4.2 mil showing Ge preparing strong attack 

  ^ F.Fischer “Germany was responsible for WWI because of its aggressive pursuit of its weltpolitik”
• Events before - Moroccan crisis 1905, Fr hoped to conquer, Ge provoked this imperial conflict with the aim to destroy entente cordiale and dual alliance to form russo-german alliance.
• Events before - Due to Br imperialistic view, wanted to secure Egyptian-Moroccan border (Algeciras conf. Result of crisis led to Ge isolation.)
• Events before - Br + Fr grew closer, Ru drops clause of Algeciras conf. giving support to ^
• Events before - 1908-9 Turkish Empire declined, AH announced annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina under treaty of Berlin. Serbia furious (Bosnia = access to adriatic) supported by Ru 

  ^ Serbia humiliated by lost opportunity (increased tension between Serbia + AH)
• Events before - Moroccan crisis 1911, uprising allowed Fr to send troops in, Kaiser Wilhelm seeking for revenge after failing aim at conf, sent gunboat panther to Agadir (seen as aggressor.)
• Events before - Schlieffen plan in 1905 failed it was last step to war, declared war on Fr, 1 day later invaded Belgium (plan aimed to avoid war on 2 fronts) Thought could take advantage of Ru lack of transportation, Ge used a modern rail system to invade Fr having time to transfer to Ru.