Chemistry-homologus series

• Homologous series


  A family of compounds which have similar chemical properties which can be represented by a general formula
• Alkane general formula


  Cn H2n+2
• Alkene general formula


  Cn H2n
• Alkanes


  • Saturated
• Alkenes


  • Have carbon-carbon double bonds, unsaturated
• Hydrocarbons


  Substances containing hydrogen and carbons and burn in a reaction called combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water
• Cycloalkane general formula


  Cn H2n
• Isomers

  Substances with the same molecular formula but different full structural formulas
• Chemical test for unsaturated


  Use bromine solution, this will be decolourised in a reaction called addition
• Alcohol


  All members contain a OH group called hydroxyl
• Alcohol general formula


  CnH2n+1 OH
• Carboxylic acid


  All members contain a COOH group, this is called a carboxylgroup
• Carboxylic acid general formula

  Cn H2n O2
• Ester formation


  Made in the reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid
• Addition reaction


  Molecules are added to unsaturated hydrocarbons
• Hydration


  Only add water
• Hydrogenation


  Only add hydrogen
• Combustion


  The scientific name given to the burning of fuels
• Fuel


  Any substance that can be burned to release energy
• Complete combustion


  Occurs when there is lots of oxygen
• Calculating heat energy released on burning fuel

  Eh=cm(delta)t
• Incomplete combustion


  Occurs when there is a limited supply of oxygen, produces carbon monoxide