chemical reactions

• glucose + MILD oxidizing agent = gluconic acid
• galactose + MILD oxidizing agent = galactonic acid
• fructose + MILD oxidizing agent > alpha d glucose = gluconic acid
• TOLLENS TEST | MILD OXIDIZING AGENT

  GLUCOSE + AgNO3 + NH4OH = GLUCONIC ACID + Ag + NH4NO + NH3 + H2O 
• TOLLENS TEST | MILD OXIDIZING AGENT

  GALACTOSE + AgNO3 + NH4OH = GALACTONIC ACID + Ag + NH4NO + NH3 + H2O
• BENEDICTS TEST | MILD OXIDIZING AGENT

  GLUCOSE + CuSO4 = GLUCONIC ACID+ Cu2O + H2O 
• BENEDICTS TEST | MILD OXIDIZING AGENT

  GALACTOSE + CuSO4 = GALACTONIC ACID + Cu2O + H2O 
• MUCIC ACID TEST | STRONG OXIDIZING AGENT

  GLUCOSE + conc HNO3 = GLUCARIC ACID / SACCHARIC ACID + H2O 
• MUCIC ACID TEST | STRONG OXIDIZING AGENT

  GALACTOSE + conc HNO3 = GALACTARIC ACID + H2O 
• MUCIC ACID TEST

  • glucose + strong oxidizing agent = glucaric acid
  • visual evidence: white crystals ; soluble H2O
• MUCIC ACID TEST

  • galactose + strong oxidizing agent = galactaric acid
  • visual evidence: white crystals ; insoluble H2O
• BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

  GLUCOSE + enzyme = GLUCURONIC ACID + enzyme 
• REDUCTION

  GLUCOSE + enzyme = GLUCITOL / SORBITOL + enzyme 
• REDUCTION

  GALACTOSE + enzyme = GALACTITOL + enzyme  
• COMBUSTION

  • 1:4 ratio
  • 1 mole of glucose = 4 kcal