psychodynamic approach

• psychodynamic theorist


  freud - role of the unconcious
• personality


  id

  ego

  superego
• the id


  1st to develop

  present at birth

  in the unconcious

  drives and desires

  pleasure principle

  demands immediate gratification

  conflicts with superego
• the ego


  2nd to develop

  develops in early childhood

  concious mind

  reality principle

  mediated id and superego
• the superego


  3rd to develop

  develops later in childhood

  concious mind

  morality principle

  does what is morally right, feel guilty if not - conscience

  in conflict with the id
• defence mechnisms


  things we do, think or say to protect our psyche

  operates unconciously

  stops individual being aware of unpleasant thoughts and feelings

  -repression

  -denial

  -displacement
• repression


  early childhood

  repress trauma

  prevents dealing with traumatic event

  causes psychological issues without knowing cause
• denial


  refuses to accept trauma
• displacement


  take out feelings on other people or things as unable to take out on reason for feeling
• psychosexual stages


  oral

  anal

  phallic

  latent

  genital

  
  

  each stage must be successfully resolved or child becomes fixated and it forms part of adult personality
• oral


  resolved- trusting, give and receive affection, form healthy relationships

  
  

  undergratified - aggressive and mistrusting, smoking or eating when stressed

  
  

  overgratified- gullible, overly dependent on others
• anal


  resolved- deals with authority figures appropriately

  
  

  undergratified- ocd, difficulty expressing emotions

  
  

  overgratified- messy and disorganised, lack of respect for authority
• phallic


  resolved- same sex parent behaviour internalised to resolve conflict, development of morals and gender inequality

  
  

  undergratified- problems with sex and sexual identity, freud believed led to homosexuality

  
  

  oedipus or electra complex- child unconciously sexually desires for opposite sex parent and fears punishment from same sex parent
• latent


  period of consolidation and rest

  sexuality lies dormant

  child leanrs gender roles, social rules and develops self confidence
• genital


  become interested in opposite sex

  
  

  resolved- psychologically and sexually healthy adult

  
  

  undergratified- emerge and influence their personality