Unit 2

• Health status assessment and evaluation


  Measured using clinical and pathological measures
• Strategies for maintaining health


  • Sleep
  • Diet
  • Water
  • Exercise
• HIPAA


  The Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act that protects patients' sensitive information
• HIPAA holds importance in the medical field
• Individuals responsible for protecting patient data
• Medical history


  Medical conditions from your past, including allergies, illness, and surgeries
• Common vital signs checked when a patient arrives at a clinic


  • Body temperature
  • Pulse rate
  • Blood pressure
• Routine blood tests


  Can provide information on cholesterol and blood glucose levels
• Telemedicine


  Electronic usage of information and communications between a doctor and a patient
• Pros and cons of telemedicine


  • Pro: Saves time
  • Con: Device could die causing problems
• Homeostasis


  The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, using negative or positive feedback
• Type 1 diabetes


  The pancreas does not make insulin
• Type 2 diabetes


  The pancreas produces less insulin
• Insulin


  Helps blood sugar enter the body's cells to be used for energy
• Hormones


  The body's chemical messengers
• Changes in a genome


  Can lead to disease
• Heredity


  An important factor in human health, as it can help promote health and prevent disease
• Karyotype


  A test that examines chromosomes in a sample of cells, to evaluate the genetic health of an individual
• Mitosis


  1. Interphase

  2. Metaphase

  3. Anaphase

  4. Telophase

  5. Cytokinesis
• At the end of mitosis, there are 2 identical daughter cells
• Transcription


  Information in a strand of DNA is copied in a new molecule of RNA
• Translation


  Information passed from DNA as RNA turns it into amino acids
• Codon


  3 nucleotides that correspond to 1 amino acid
• Substitution mutation


  Another nucleotide replaces one nucleotide
• Frameshift mutation


  The DNA sequence shifts the way the sequence is read, causing more harm than a substitution mutation
• Pedigree


  Determines how certain alleles are inherited
• Punnett square


  Helps determine the probability of inheriting specific traits
• Meiosis


  1. Prophase

  2. Metaphase

  3. Anaphase

  4. Telophase
• Meiosis ends with 4 haploid daughter cells
• Mistake during meiosis


  Pair of homologous chromosomes will fail to separate