Chapter 1 - Classification

• Movement


  An action by an organism causing a change of position / place
• Respiration


  The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrients molecules & release energy
• Sensitivity


  The ability to detect & respond to changes in environment
• Growth


  A permanent increase in size
• Reproduction


  The processes that make more of the same kind of organism
• Excretion


  Removal from organisms of toxic materials & substances in excess of requirement
• Nutrition


  Taking in of materials for energy, growth & development
• Taxonomic Levels


  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Kingdoms

  • Animal
  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Prokaryote
  • Protoctist / Protista
• Animal Types

  • Vertebrate (with backbone)
  • Invertebrate (no backbone)
• Plant Types

  • Flowering
  • Non-flowering (ferns)
• Prokaryote


  • often unicellular
  • cell walls peptidoglycan
  • no nucleus
  • no mitochondria
• Protoctist / Protista


  • multicellular/unicellular
  • have a nucleus
  • may or may not have cell wall/chloroplast
  • some feed by photosynthesis
  • some feed on organic substance made by other organism
• Animal Groups


  • Mammals
  • Reptiles
  • Fish
  • Amphibians
  • Birds
  • Molluscs
  • Smoothworms
  • Roundworms
  • Echinoderms
  • Flatworms
  • Cnidaria
  • Arthropods
• Mammals


  • warm blooded
  • have fur
  • give birth to young
  • nurture young (breastfeed)
  • different types of teeth
  • breathe with lungs
• Vertebrates


  • Have a backbone
• Reptiles


  • cold blooded
  • dry scales
  • lay eggs on land
  • e.g. Snake
• Fish

  • cold blooded
  • have scales
  • gills
  • fins
  • streamlined body
  • lay eggs in water
• Amphibians


  • cold blooded
  • moist skin
  • lay eggs in water
• Birds

  • warm blooded
  • feathers
  • lay eggs
  • beak
  • streamlined body
• Invertebrates


  • Without a backbone
• Insects


  • 3 pairs of legs, 3 segmented body
• Plant Types


  • Monocotyledons
  • Dicotyledons
  • Non-flowering (Ferns)
• Monocotyledons


  • 1 cotyledon
  • parallel veins
  • long narrow leaves
  • fibrous roots
  • non-woody stem
  • flower parts in 3s
• Dicotyledons


  • 2 cotyledons
  • network/branching veins
  • broad leaves
  • taproot
  • woody stem
  • flower parts in 4/5s
• Non-flowering (Ferns)


  • Use spores to reproduce
• Fungi


  • no chlorophyll
  • no photosynthesis
  • feed by parasitic or saprophytic nutrition
  • multicellular
  • cell wall made of chitin
• Myrapods

  • many many legs
  • e.g. centipete
• Avachnids

  • 4 pairs of legs
  • e.g. spider
• Crustaceans

  • more than 4 pairs of leg
  • e.g. crabs