Chapter 2 - Cells

• Ribosome


  • Protein synthesis
• Cell wall


  • Made of cellulose
  • Fully permeable
  • Protects cell
  • Gives fixed shape
• Cellulose


  Component of cell wall
• Nucleus


  • Contains DNA
  • Controls cell activity
• Chloroplast


  • Contains chlorophyll
  • Photosynthesis
  • Green Pigment (leaf colour)
• Nucleus

  • Contains DNA
  • Controls cell activity
• Cytoplasm


  • 70% H2O
  • Allows chemical reactions to happen
  • Contains dissolved substances (e.g. sugar)
• Cell membrane


  • Partially permeable
  • Allows certain substances to pass through
  • Made from lipids and proteins (animal cell only)
• Mitochondria


  • Respiration happens to release energy
  • Produces energy
  • Powerhouse
• Building blocks of life


  1. Organelle

  2. Cell

  3. Tissue

  4. Organ

  5. Organ System

  6. Organism
• Cholesterol molecules are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer to maintain its fluidity.
• The cell membrane is the outermost layer that surrounds all cells.
• Vacuole

  • storage
• Plant Cell

  • Got cell wall
  • Got cell membrane
  • Got nucleus
  • Got cytoplasm
  • Got mitochondria
  • Got ribosome
  • Got vacuole
  • Got chloroplast
• Animal Cell

  • No cell wall
  • Got cell membrane
  • Got nucleus
  • Got cytoplasm
  • Got mitochondria
  • Got ribosome
  • Got vacuole (small)
  • No chloroplast