CPAR

• Paper


  • Organic material from the pulp of wood or other fibrous substances
  • Manufactured in sheets of various sizes, thickness, textures, and colors
  • Different types for drawing and painting
• Canvas


  • Firm closely woven cloth usually of linen, hemp, or cotton backed or framed as a surface for painting
• Wood


  • Hardboard - board or panel made from wood
  • Offers a more rigid surface that results in less cracking in the paint
  • Masonite, plywood, and laminated boards are ideal for support in two-dimensional art
• Charcoal


  • Organic drawing material made from burnt wood
  • Two types: vine charcoal (easy to blend and erase) and compressed charcoal (creates much darker black)
• Pigments


  • Compounds that are intensely colored and used to color other materials
  • Can be organic, natural, inorganic, or synthetic
• Binders


  • Materials that hold together the grains of pigment and allow it to stick to the painting surface
  • Examples: egg yolks mixed with water, linseed oil, wax
• Hardwoods used in the Philippines


  • Molave
  • Acacia
  • Langka wood
  • Ipil
  • Kamagong
  • Palmwood
• Bamboo


  • Giant, fast-growing grass with woody stems
  • Use depends on age: 6-9 months for baskets, 2-3 years for baskets, 3-6 years for construction
• Steel


  • Alloy of iron and 1% carbon
  • Stainless steel is corrosion resistant and doesn't rust or stain in water
• Bronze


  • Alloy consisting primarily of copper with about 12% tin, often with other metals added
• Brass


  • Alloy made of copper and zinc
  • More malleable than bronze and has a lower melting point
• Marble


  • Hard, crystalline, metamorphic form of limestone with color capable of being polished
  • Abundant in Romblon province with over 158 different shades
• Alabaster


  • Fine-grained, translucent form of gypsum, used for carving beautiful artworks
  • Generally white and delicately shaded
• Clay


  • Earthly material composed of minerals rich in alumina, silica, and water
  • Terracotta clay is normally used for sculpture and pots, unique for its brownish orange color
• Cement


  • Powdery substance made with calcite lime and clay
  • Can be poured into a cast or modeled onto wires and metal rods
• Glass


  • Hard, brittle, transparent and translucent substance made by fusing sand, soda lime, and other ingredients
• Sand


  • Composed of very fine, loose particles of rock used in mortar, glass, abrasive, foundry molds and sand sculptures
• Food


  • Edible media used in contemporary art, such as melons, watermelons, pineapples, cucumber, carrots, and potato
• Shells used in the Philippines


  • Capiz
  • Puka
  • Paua
  • Blacklip
  • Sigay
  • Troca
• Fibers


  • Used for making textiles or fabrics, usually from plants such as pinya, abaca, banana, cotton, and buri
  • Used in basket, bag, or hat weaving, such as pandan, nito, coconut, and buri leaves
• Objective accuracy style


  Artist presents themselves as a detached observer or employs a selective eye to represent reality without revealing their identity
• Formal order style


  Two qualities: intellectual order (analyzing and presenting geometric forms) and biomorphic order
• Formal order style


  • Vicente Manansala's "The Bird Seller" painting exhibits transparent cubism - parts of the figures intertwine and overlap in creative ways
• Artist's perspective


  Selects, arranges, and represents reality without his/her identity being revealed
• Artist's knowledge


  Knows the subject as well as sees its surface characteristics while employing a selective eye
• Formal order in art


  • Intellectual order
  • Biomorphic order
• Intellectual order in art

  • Cubism, Vicente Manansala's "The Bird Seller" painting
• Biomorphic order in art


  • Jose Maria Zaragoza's design of Union Church
• Emotion in art


  Darkness and chaos represents anxiety and despair, movement of energy and visual representation of sun, sky, air, and water represents joy and celebration, and romanticism is used when the artist wishes to disclose a personal feeling in relation to love
• Fantasy in art


  Manipulates illusion and reality, may be objectively accurate or subjectively distorted and originates in both logical and irrational mental process
• Fantastic art


  • Abdulmari Imao's Sarimamok
• Modeling in sculpture


  • Created when a soft or malleable material is built using an armature and then shaped to create a form
• Carving in sculpture


  • Cutting or chipping away a shape from a mass of stone, wood, or other hard material
• Casting in sculpture


  • Made through a material that is poured and hardened in a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape
• Assembling in sculpture


  • Gathering and putting together different materials including found objects to create an assembled sculpture, using adhesive, welding, and other chemicals for adhesion
• Assembled sculpture


  • Lirio Salvador's "Sandata ng Espasyo 4"
• Installation art


  Uses the combination of techniques in painting, and sculpture and different mediums like ready-mades, text, found objects, assemblage, and drawing assembled together to interact with space or art objects formed by the artist, usually dismantled after the exhibition and temporary
• Installation art


  • Miler Lagos' "Discarded Romance"
• New wave of Filipino directors


  • Tended towards exposing relevant social topics or hybridizing Filipino topics with Western techniques
• New wave Filipino directors


  • Lino Brocka, Peque Gallaga, Ishmael Bernal, Celso Ad Castillo, and Marilou Diaz Abaya