An organised group of people associated for some specificpurpose or with a shared commoninterest.
Socialisation
A lifelong process wherebymembers of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to taketheirplace in that society.
Internalisation
The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself
Primary socialisation
During early years of childhood: immediate family, internalisation
Secondary socialisation
During later years: family less involved, other "agencies" deliberately set up for more influence e.g. peer groups, friends, schools
Gender socialisation
Learning of behaviour and attitudes historically considered appropriate for a given sex
Social processes
Forms of social interaction between individuals and groups which occur again and again
Examples of social processes
Integration, co-operation, conflict
Social control
A concept that refers to the way in which peoples thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems
Institutions
An established organisations founded for a religious, educational, professional or socialpurpose e.g. family viewed as basic unit
Social pressures
For example a woman made to feel guilty about leaving a young baby, giving up previousleisure activities
Social control over women in sport
Social pressure, lack of free time, lack of disposable income, decreased opportunities
Social change
An alteration in the social order of society e.g. changes in social behaviours and/or cultural values over time leading to long term effects. It occurs when institutions readjust to meet 'new needs' of groups in society
Sport England campaigns for women and ethnicity
"This girl can", "kick it out"
Inequality
The unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within society.
Social issues
Problem/conflict which affects a considerable number of people in society e.g. gender or disability discrimination, drugabuse
Causes of inequality
Lackof money, high cost of participating, lack of confidence, lack of rolemodels, myths/stereotypes
Consequences of inequality
Lower participation rates, fewer women in positions of power and decision making
social stratification
A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic, such as wealth or social status
Example of social structures
Type of school you go to can affect the activities you get to tryout, time devoted to sport, quality of teaching, quality of facilities
Social class
A term used to define social inequalities e.g. certain groups have more access to wealth/power than others
Factors that contribute to social class
Job, family background, education, income
Social class and stratification in schools
Lower income, poorer health, undermined physical abilities, schools can magnify social class
Social class and sports clubs
Economic inequalities, working class expectations, more middle and upper class children joining clubs
Social action theory
A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising the proactive role of people in shaping social life
Progression
The process of gradually developing towards a more advanced state
Interactionist approach
Study of how individuals behave within a society, stems from social processes that occur when humans interact.
Interactionism
Stressed that people have an active role in shaping society, the way we communicate and interact
Social action theory in sport
Views sport as an essential part of society's makeup, can have an impact on the social and cultural fabric of society
Ways that sport can impact society
Highlighting inequalities, ideas about masculinity and femininity, ideas about race and ethnicity, ideas about ability and disability, sense of national pride, targeting social problems (unemployment)
Equal opportunities
Treating people fairly, giving people the same chance
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person or minority group; distinguishing and acting on a prejudice
Prejudice
An unfavourable opinion of an individual or group often based on inadequate facts
Stereotype
A standardised image/belief shared by society, a simple generalisation about all members of a group which allows others to categorise and treat them accordingly
Sport England's equality and diversity policy
Develop a culture that enables and values everyone's full involvement, create an environment where every has opportunities, overcome potential barriers
Overt discrimination
Visible/obvious e.g. verbal racist abuse
Covert discrimination
Hidden/less obvious (non selection of an individual as captain because of their race)
Barriers to participation
Lack of time, negative social influences, lack of motivation, lack of skill, lack of resources, family obligations
Solution of lack of time
Add physical activity to a daily routine
Solution to negative social influences
Invite family and friends to exercise, join a group