CLIN PHARM [LAB] GROUP 4 - HIV/AIDS

• What is HIV?

  HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
• • Are lentiviruses, a family of retrovirus that contains two single-stranded RNA.

  HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
• • It attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.

  HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
• • It causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

  HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
• STAGES OF HIV

  • Patients have large amount of HIV in their blood which are very contagious

  Acute HIV Infection
• STAGES OF HIV

  • Flu-like symptoms

  Acute HIV Infection
• STAGES OF HIV

  • Asymptomatic HIV infection or Clinical latency

  Chronic HIV Infection
• STAGES OF HIV

  • HIV is still active and continues to reproduce in the body

  Chronic HIV Infection
• STAGES OF HIV

  • Can last for a decade or longer or may progress faster.

  Chronic HIV Infection
• STAGES OF HIV

  • Most severe stage of HIV infection

  Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• STAGES OF HIV: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  • person with HIV is considered to have progressed to AIDS when:
  • The CD4 cell count ____
  • Presence of ___ ___ ___ regardless of the CD4 cell count
  • <200 cells/mcL
  • AIDS indicator conditions
• STAGES OF HIV: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  AIDS indicator conditions: (10) 3C 2H KLM PT

  1. Candidiasis
  2. Cervical cancer
  3. Cytomegalovirus
  4. Herpes simplex virus
  5. Histoplasmosis
  6. Kaposi sarcoma
  7. Lymphoma
  8. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  9. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
  10. Toxoplasmosis
• STAGES OF HIV: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  • Px with AIDS have damaged immune systems = inc. number of opportunistic infections. T or f?

  T
• STAGES OF HIV: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  • most common life-threatening opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS.

  Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
• STAGES OF HIV: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)

  • Prophylaxis & Treatment:

  trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
• 3 TYPES OF CONTACT: SPP

  1. Sexual Intercourse
  2. Parenteral
  3. Perinatal
• 3 TYPES OF CONTACT:

  • (most common)

  Anal & vaginal course
• 3 TYPES OF CONTACT:

  • ___ ___ to reduce the risk of transmission (most common)

  Condom use
• 3 TYPES OF CONTACT:

  • Sharing of needles is common

  Parenteral
• 3 TYPES OF CONTACT:

  • Blood transfusion

  Parenteral
• 3 TYPES OF CONTACT:

  • Vertical transmission

  Perinatal
• 3 TYPES OF CONTACT:

  • Most common cause of pediatric HIV infection

  Perinatal
• HIV is NOT transmitted through casual contact. T or F?

  T
• Etiology

  2 CLASSIFICATION OF HIV

  • HIV-1
  • HIV-2
• 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HIV

  • More globally expanded and virulent

  HIV-1
• 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HIV

  • Origination in Central Africa

  HIV-1
• 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HIV

  • Less virulent/less pathogenic

  HIV-2
• 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HIV

  • Originated in West Africa

  HIV-2
• EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • First official cases of AIDS epidemic

  1891
• EPIDEMIOLOGY

  First official cases of AIDS epidemic:

  • __ cases of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in homosexual men in the USA.

  5
• EPIDEMIOLOGY

  First official cases of AIDS epidemic:

  • Other conditions were reported: ___ ___

  Kaposi’s sarcoma
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION

  • Primary HIV infections might vary, but patients may experience viral syndrome or mononucleosis-like sickness, which includes ___, ___, and ___. Symptoms may last two weeks.

  fever, pharyngitis, adenopathy
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION

  • The majority of children born with HIV are ___. On clinical examination they exhibit:

  asymptomatic
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION

  • The majority of children born with HIV are asymptomatic. On clinical examination, they exhibit: PHYSICAL SIGNS (6) LHS 2FW

  1. Lymphadenopathy
  2. Hepatomegaly
  3. Splenomegaly
  4. Failure to thrive
  5. Weight loss or unexplained low birth weight
  6. Fever of unclear cause
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION

  • The majority of children born with HIV are asymptomatic. On clinical examination, they exhibit: LABORATORY RESULTS (4) HAAA

  1. Hypergammaglobulinemia
  2. Anaemia
  3. Altered mononuclear cell activity
  4. Altered t-cell subset ratios
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PRIMARY HIV INFECTION IN ADULTS

  SYMPTOMS (11) FSF WMM DNL NA

  1. Fever
  2. Sore throat
  3. Fatigue
  4. Weight Loss
  5. Myalgia
  6. Maculopapular rash in the trunk
  7. Diarrhea
  8. Nausea and vomiting
  9. Lymphadenopathy
  10. Night sweats
  11. Aseptic meningitis
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PRIMARY HIV INFECTION IN ADULTS

  • Aseptic meningitis (4) FHPS

  1. Fever
  2. Headaches
  3. Photophobia
  4. Stiff neck
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PRIMARY HIV INFECTION IN ADULTS

  OTHERS (2) HP

  1. High Viral Load
  2. Persistent decrease in CD4 lymphocytes
• DIAGNOSIS (5) EW PGV

  1. ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA)
  2. WESTERN BLOT TEST
  3. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
  4. GENETIC TESTING
  5. VIRAL LOAD TEST
• DIAGNOSIS

  • Most common HIV test use blood samples to detect HIV infeciton. It tests a patient's blood sample for antibodies

  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)