Sex Influence on Heredity

• Sex-linked: genes are located on sex chromosomes
• Sex-influenced: genes are on autosomal chromosomes but are more readily expressed in one sex
• Sex-limited: genes are autosomal but expressed in only one sex
• Genetic Maternal Effect: the phenotype of offspring is dependent of the maternal genotype
• Cytoplasmic inheritance: phenotype is determined by cytoplasmic genes inherited entirely from one parent
• Genomic imprinting: genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited from maternal or paternal parent, ex. deletion in chromosome 15 transmitted by paternal parent causes Prader-Willi syndrome whereas transmission by maternal parent is Angelman syndrome