Languages of Europe - Geography

• Where is Europe?


  Europe is located in the Northern Hemisphere. To the continent's west is the Atlantic Ocean and to its south is the Mediterranean Sea. Europe is above the equator and very north of it is within the Arctic Circle.
• List some physical features of Europe


  The Volga is the longest river and flows through Russia and Danube is the second longest and flows through ten countries.
• The Alps


  highest and most extensive mountain range in Europe stretching 1200km. 8 Alpine countries: France, Italy, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Liechtenstein and Slovenia
• The Pyrenees Mountains


  Natural boundary between France and Spain.
• The Apennines


  along the length of Italy and is 750 miles
• The Scandinavian Mountains


  (located in Norway and Sweden) the western part dropping into the Norwegian Sea and North Sea
• The Carpathian Mountains


  A mountain range in central Europe that extends from Slovakia and southern Poland southeastward through western Ukraine to northeastern Romania.
• Balkan Mountains


  rise in the southeast before crossing into Bulgaria
• Punitive


  Punishment
• Latitude


  how far north or south of the equator a place is
• Longitude


  how far east and west of the prime meridian a place is
• Relief


  The height and shape of the land
• Biomes


  an area classified according to the species that live in that location. Temperature range, soil type, and the amount of light and water are unique to a particular place and form the niches for specific species allowing scientists to define the biome
• What 5 biomes describe Europe?

  temperate forests, grasslands, wetlands, mountains and polar regions
• What are the aims of the EU?


  - Promoting peace and the EU's values

  - Establishing a single European market

  - Promoting economic, social and territorial cohesion

  - Establishing an economic and monetary union

  - Establishing an area of freedom., security and justice without internal frontiers

  - Combating discrimination and promoting equality
• Why are people against the ideas of Brexit?


  The EU is one of the largest markets, accounting for 25 percent of global profits. Being in the EU gave British businesses unlimited access to this market.
• Why do people agree with the concept of Brexit?


  EU laws overrule British laws. This means Britain cannot pass laws the EU does not agree with and has to obey all EU laws even if they disagree. Moreover, the Uk had no control over immigration from other EU member states.
• 4 layers of Earth


  Inner core, outer core, mantle and crust
• Earthquakes


  Tectonic plates are locked together by friction. Pressure builds up due to the plates always trying to move. The rocks break between a fault line when the pressure is released. the tectonic plates suddenly move and seismic waves travel along the surface.
• River Rhine


  flows through 6 different countries: France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, Switzerland and Netherlands. Provides water for 20 million people.
• Evaporation


  the process of turning liquid into vapor
• Condensation


  the conversion of a vapour to a liquid
• Precipitation


  Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere - rain, snow, hail etc.
• Run off


  water that travels over the surface of Earth
• Infiltration


  the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
• Transpiration


  the release of water vapour from plants
• Drainage Basin


  the area of land which is drained by a river
• Confluence


  Where two rivers meet
• Channel


  where the river flows over the land
• Mouth


  end of a river, where it flows into a sea, lake or ocean
• Source


  This is where the river begins. A melting glacier, spring or even an area where lots of rain has collected.
• Watershed


  It is an imaginary line that separates two drainage basins. It is usually found on a ridge of highland.
• Tributary


  A smaller river that joins onto the main river channel
• Riverbed


  The bottom of a river channel
• Riverbank


  the land along the edges of the river channel
• Flood Plain


  flat land on either side of a river channel that gets flooded when the river overflows.
• Benefits of Strawberry Farming in Spain


  - Uk is able to earn money and profits all year round

  - More workers contributing to the economy through intensive agricultural

  - Quality of life is better and 1 billion pounds is invested to Southern Spain's economy and government

  - Relations between Spain and UK is smooth - sailing as 90% of strawberries from Spain is exported to UK

  - Strawberry farming supports about 50,000 jobs since the industry is worth more than £345m a year
• Disadvantages of Strawberry Farming in Spain


  - Domes of greenhouses are made of white plastic sheets and stretches as far as the eye can see

  - Greenhouse plastic is not recyclable and therefore ends up in the ocean or infused in the soil in layers

  - Plastic is in the food chain and it is toxic to all animals causing extinction

  - Migrants looking for better job opportunities work in the greenhouses but are treated poorly with bad housing conditions.

  - environmentally damaging and socially unjust
• Immigration


  The act of moving to a different country to live there permanently
• Emigration


  The act of leaving one's country of origin to live in another country permanently