enzymes & digestion

• which type of molecule is broken down into amino acids?

  proteins are broken down in amino acids
• what are the products of lipid digestion?

  glycerol and fatty acids
• in which organs are proteases produced?

  Pancreas, stomach, small intestine
• which organ produces bile and where is it stored?

  the liver produces bile. its stored in the gall bladder.
• name the enzyme that will break down starch during digestion and which parts of the body produce this enzyme.

  the starch will be broken down by amylase. amylase is produced in the salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine.
• what does the body use the products of digestion for?


  the products of digestion can be used to build new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and some of the glucose produced is used in respiration
• give two functions of bile and explain how these aid digestion.

  1. bile neutralises acid, making conditions in the small intestine alkaline, enzymes work best in alkaline conditions.
  2. bile emulsifies fats - breaks fat down in tiny droplets, this gives lipase enzymes a much bigger surface area to work on during digestion
• what do digestive enzymes do?


  break down big molecules (starch, proteins and fats) down into smaller ones like sugars (glucose, maltose) amino acids, glycol and fatty acids. these can pass through the walls of the digestive system, allowing them to be absorbed into the blood stream.
• what do carbohydrases convert carbohydrates into?

  simple sugars
• what is an eg of a carbohydrases?

  amylase
• what does amalyse do?

  breaks down starch
• where is amylase made?

  Salivary glands and pancreas
• what does proteases convert proteins into?

  amino acids
• where is protease made?

  stomach, pancreas, small intestine
• what does lipases convert lipids into?

  glycerol and fatty acids
• where are lipases made?

  Pancreas, small intestine
• where is bile released?

  small intestine
• what makes the ph too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly?

  the hydrochloric acid in the stomach
• what is bile?


  an alkaline - it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline
• what do conditions do enzymes in the small intestine work best at?

  alkaline conditions
• what d salivary glands do?

  produce amylase enzyme in the salvia
• what does the stomach do?


  pummels and churns up the food with its muscular walls, produces the protease enzyme, pepsin, and produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for the protease enzyme to work which is pH 2
• what does the small intestine do?

  produces protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes to complete digestion and absorbs the digested food out of the digested system into the blood
• what does the liver do?

  produces bile
• what is bile?


  neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fat
• what does the gall bladder do?


  stores bile before it is released into the small intestine
• what does the pancreas do?


  produces protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes and releases them into the small intestine
• what does the large intestine do?

  absorbs excess water from food
• what is the rectums function?

  stores faecus, which is undigestible food, before leaving through the anus
• different enzymes catalyse the breakdown of different food molecules:

  .

  A) salivary glands

  B) gullet

  C) stomach

  D) liver

  E) pancreas

  F) small intestine

  G) rectum

  H) large intestine

  I) gall bladder