PLSC 3005W Final Exam

• Macroscopic features of a plant

  1. The Meristem
  2. Cambium
  3. Stem
  4. Root System
  5. Reproductive Organs
  6. Leaf
• Microscopic Features of a Plant

  1. Central Vacuole
  2. Chloroplast
  3. Cell Wall
  4. Plasmodesmata
  5. Cytosol
  6. Apoplast
• Large storage compartment filled with water, ions, and other molecules


  Central Vacuole
• Semi-autonomous organelle where photosynthesis takes place

  Chloroplast
• Rigid structure made of cellulose fibers and lignin

  Cell Wall
• Gated tubular channels that connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells

  Plasmodesmota
• Non-vacuolar, non-organelle cytoplasm


  Cytosol
• Continuous network of cytosol spanning several cells

  Symplast
• Continuous network of cytosol spanning several cells

  Symplast
• Continuous network of cell walls spanning several cells

  Apoplast
• The membrane of the central vacuole


  Tonoplast
• Organelle where cellular respiration takes place


  Mitochondria
• The vacuole stores

  1. Water
  2. Minerals
  3. Defense compounds
  4. Pigment
• The chloroplast can

  1. Have its own DNA and ribosomes
  2. Divide itself into 2 chloroplast
  3. Fuse with another chloroplast
• Plant meristems give rise to various organs of a plant and are responsible for growth


  True
• The cambium is a group of meristematic cells that increase stem/root width


  True
• For a typical, healthy, well-hydrated plant cell, the nucleus takes up 80% of the cells volume

  False - Vacuole
• A chloroplast can divide and fuse with other chloroplasts


  True
• A chloroplast can respire

  False
• A chloroplast can store as much water as the vacuole

  False
• The cell wall gives organelles structure and prevents them from bursting due to water uptake


  True
• Plasmodesmata are hollow tubes

  False
• Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, can divide and fuse on their own

  True
• The nucleolus houses the cell's DNA in a double lipid bilayer


  True
• 3 Properties of Water and why they are useful to the physiology of a plant

  1. Liquid found over a range of temperatures
  2. 70% of plants are water
  3. Heat of vaporization: cooling down plants
• Adhesion and cohesion


  Both adhesion and cohesion facilitate water movement against the gravity inside tree xylem vessels
• During osmosis


  Water moves from the low concentration compartment to the high concentration compartment
• What causes osmosis is


  The difference is solute concentration across the semi-permeable membrane
• Water potential inside the cell


  Is the sum of hydrostatic, osmotic and imbibition potential
• Aquaporins are


  Channel proteins that exist in both the plasma membrane and the tonoplast
• Cohesion of water molecules translates into high surface tension


  True
• Adhesion is the incapacity of water to adhere to solid surfaces

  True
• Osmosis is the same phenomenon as diffusion


  True
• The osmotic pressure is the result of difference in solute concentration across membranes


  True
• The osmotic potential is the inverse of osmotic pressure

  False
• Pure water has a water potential of -1 MPa


  False - 0MPa
• A hypotonic solution is a solution that contains less solutes than a cell

  True
• A plasmolysis is the result of exposing the cell to a hypotonic solution

  False
• Aquaporins conducts water much slower than water simply passing through membranes

  False - faster
• Aquaporins can be open or closed


  True