B13: Reproduction

• DNA


  Deoxyribonucleic acid

  -It is a polymer made up of two strands in a double helix shape

  
• Chromosome


  A DNA molecule with genetic material of an organism

  - There are typically 46 of these in a cell

  
• Gene


  Small section of DNA on a chromosome

  - Each gene codes for a different sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

  
• Genome


  The entire genetic material of that organism

  - The understanding of genomes help scientists to search for genes linked to diseases, treat inherited disorders and to trace human migration patterns from the past

  
• Allele


  Different versions of the same gene

  - Every individual will have 2 alleles

  
• Homozygous


  Both alleles of that gene are identical

  
• Heterozygous


  Both alleles of that gene are different

  
• Dominant allele


  Always expressed, even if there is only one copy of it

  
• Recessive allele


  Only expressed if there are two copies of it

  
• Genotype


  Genetic makeup of an organism

  
• Phenotype


  Characteristic an organism has as a result of their genotype

  
• What is each monomer of DNA called?


  Nucleotide

  
• What are the bases of DNA called?

  Adenine (A) - 💛

  Thymine (T) - 💚

  Guanine (G) - 🔵

  Cytosine (C) - 🔴