Sociology paper 1

• Basil Bernstein 


  Elaborate and restricted language code
• Douglas 


  Parental aspirations, middle class parents far more involved and shown to help educational achievement
• Waterhouse 


  Halo effect where one stereotype creates a whole perception of someone
• Angela Mcrobbie 


  Bedroom subculture girls were already one year ahead of boys before they started school
• Jackson 


  Being studious not perceived as cool so boys disengaged from education to gain a higher status from their peers
• Skelton et al 


  Gendered stereotypes affect girls and boys self concept, it is then enforced by peers in education can evidence gendered subject choice
• Norman 


  Boys encouraged to run and let off steam making them more likely to go into PE, girls read more at a young age and were encouraged to be reflective making them more likely to go not subjects such as English or sociology
• Paetcher 


  Found if girls did PE there was risk of them being stigmatised and marginalised by being called names like butch
• Sewell

  57% of Afro-Caribbean families lack a parent compared to 25% of white families. Lack of fatherly love and adequate role model turn to gang that promote anti school subculture
• Becker 


  Labelling theory
• Ball 


  Ethnocentric curriculum disadvantages ethnic minorities
• Mirza 


  Black pupils specifically girls work hard at school in attempt to reject and avoid racism
• Sugarman 


  4 features of WC: fatalism nothing they can do to change their status, collectivism value being part of a group rather then an individual, immediate seek pleasure rather then taking an educational risk, present time orientation present more important then future don’t have LT goal
• Bourdieu 


  Cultural capital, attainment is based on material and cultural factors. Education reproduces class inequality and believes in habits people from different social classes experience education differently.
• M.Gove 


  Rich thick to better then clever poor
• Reay 


  WC more likely to apply to a local uni so they can save costs by living at home
• Jackson

  WC students see more costs than benefits when going to university they are five times less likely to apply
• Williams 


  Teachers hold a speech hierarchy where black and WC are valued least, not the child’s fault (lang cultural dep) but educations perception
• Gerwitz 


  Myth of parentocracy : privileged skilled choosers MC, disconnected local choosers WC choice restricted, semi skilled choosers WC ambitious but have to rely on opinion
• Francis 


  Boys dominate the classroom and space, mirroring how men dominate in wider society
• Loden


  Glass ceiling disadvantages women and prevents them from opportunities in the workplace
• Lees 


  Girls are far more controlled, girls skirt to short=inappopriate but when boys uniform messy=boys are just scruffy
• Heaton and Lawson 


  The hidden curriculum continues to oppress women
• Bowles and gintis 


  Hidden curriculum enforces inequality and inequality is justified as it helps to maintain class structure
• Althusser 


  Education passes on the ruling class ideology and creates a submissive workforce
• Willis 


  Lads actively create own culture and they are willing to choose a WC job, education does not produce pupils who believe in meritocracy
• Chubb and Moe 


  Competition raises standards in schools and education is a free market, believe schools should be ran as businesses
• Gerwitz and ball 


  Choice gives MC advantage as they have cultural and economic capital to gain access to most desirable schools
• Usher et al 


  Education is fragmented, schools are now more customised with specialist and faith schools etc
• Parsons 


  Education is bridge from home to wider society, particularistic standard to universalistic where all students see as whole meritocratic body
• Davis and Moore

  Role allocation, education selects and shifts pupils for different areas of the job market most talented get best qualifications and go on to get the best jobs
• Durkheim 


  Social solidarity schools are mini societies, social life would be impossible without people would pursue own selfish desires
• Halsey et al 


  Question if competition raises standards
• A.H.Halsey

  Social class massively impacts performance, material and cultural deprivation
• Melvin tummin 


  Some jobs are functional to society but not highly rewarded
• Hartley and Sutton


  Ideal pupil applied to girls especially Indian and Asian
• Rist

  As early as 8th day at school pupils sorted based on attainment, however when tested found they were sorted determining if they fit with teachers view of ideal
• Beck


  Teachers hold view in head of ideal pupil- MC and white, WC negatively impacted as a result of label
• Harvey and Slatin


  Teachers held less favourable labels of the WC were shown pictures of pupils and were much more favourable of MC
• Gillborn


  Ideal pupil most likely applied to non-white pupil