One Health II

• Regulatory Veterinarians In Kentucky


  • State Public Health Veterinarian
  • State Veterinarian
  • Fish & Wildlife Veterinarian
  • USDA/APHIS Veterinarians
• State Public Health Veterinarian (SPHV)


  Veterinarian dedicated to address zoonotic public health issues
• Responsibilities of SPHV


  • Address zoonosis, vector-borne diseases, antibiotic resistance, food & water safety, & rabies
• Some states have several SPHV
• Some states DO NOT have any SPHV
• National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV)


  • Communicate to share problems, ideas
  • Collaborate on the Compendiums & Guidance Documents
• Compendiums & Guidance Documents by NASPHV


  • Animal Rabies Prevention & Control (Form 51 Rabies Certificate)
  • Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Setting
  • Measures to Control Chlamydia psittaci Infection among Humans & Pet Birds
  • Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel
  • Novel Influenza Resource Guide
• USAF: Herd Health Concept


  • Broad opportunities
  • Education: Master of Public Health (MPH)
  • Epidemiology
  • Colleagues/Travel
• Private Practice Opportunities


  • Small animals
  • Equines
  • Exotics
  • Emergency work
• 10 Essential Public Health Services


  • Systematically identifies, investigates, & diagnoses health problems, hazards
  • Designed to monitor progress in each area
  • Epidemiology: MOSTLY INVOLVED IN "ASSESSMENT"
  • Monitor health
  • Investigate, diagnose, root causes
• Infectious Disease Surveillance at State Level


  • State Epidemiologist
  • Medical consultant
  • Public health veterinarian
  • Infectious disease epidemiologist
  • Nurse consultants
  • Other DPH staff
• Infectious Disease Surveillance at Local Level


  • Regional epidemiologist
  • Local epidemiologist
  • Public health nurses
  • Environmental health specialist
• Surveillance For - Intervention & Prevention


  • Know your normal!
  • Interventions to STOP disease
  • Prevent future outbreaks
• Quick response


  • K-PHAST training
  • Specialized trainings: MRC & ERRT
  • Strike teams: nurse - Hep A outbreak, COVID vaccinations & epidemiologist
• Surveillance


  • Normals
  • Alerts to problems
• State Public Health Veterinarian


  • Management of veterinary public health issues for KY
  • Keep people healthy through healthy animals
  • Zoonotic disease investigations
  • Control measures, prevention & education
  • Strengthens Epi capacity
  • Infectious disease emergency & response team
  • Division of epidemiology & health planning
• State Public Health Veterinarian Team


  • Reportable disease
  • Immunizations
  • STD's
  • HIV
  • TB
  • Hepatitis
• Variety Of Projects


  • Campylobacter investigation
  • USDA oral bait dropping program
• Rabies program


  • Maintain rabies data
  • Animal bite consults & follow up: rabies post exposure prophylaxis & animal quarantine
  • Qualified persons for rabies vaccinations: certification program for vaccinating owned dogs
  • BATA: rabies tested bat identification program
• Zoonotic diseases


  • Anthrax
  • Brucellosis
  • Hantavirus
  • Leptospirosis
  • Psittacosis
  • Tularemia
  • Q Fever
• Kentucky one health awareness


  • Epidemiology on call
  • CSTA
• Human PEP Considerations


  • Broken skin to saliva
  • Saliva on mucus membrane
  • Animal tests positive
  • Unable to observe or test animal
  • Wake up to a bat in the room
  • Exceptions: small rodents & lagomorphs
• Collaborations


  • Local health departments
  • Regulatory veterinarians
  • One health: conference & quarterly meetings
  • CDC/CSTE
  • Local universities
  • Bat identification project: BATA
• 2 Homes 1 Mile Apart In Same Subdivision: Family 1 had 2 positive bats found in house, Family 2 had 1 positive bat found on porch
• Coordinated with CDC, KY dept. Fish & Wildlife: CDC felt this was unusual & wanted bats for variant typing (results pending)
• Coordinated with Kentucky Fish & Wildlife Resources: Wildlife veterinarian (Dr. Casey) & Bat biologist: Zach Couch
• Determined situation was a public health threat to families & juveniles were flying, so early remediation of bats were approved
• Qualifications Needed for State Public Health Veterinarian


  • Clinical experience: 2-4 years
  • Communication skills
  • Masters in Public Health
  • Understand herd health & community health issues
  • Epidemiology experience
  • Presentation skills
  • Enjoy educating others
  • Enjoy regulatory challenges
  • Collaborations
• Food safety


  Scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, & storage of food in ways that prevent food borne illness
• Food defense


  Is the effort to protect food from acts of intentional adulteration
• 48 million people contract food borne illness in the US each year based on CDC
• 128,000 hospitalizations
• 3,000 deaths
• Food borne illnesses cost $152 billion annually in health care & related expenses based on Georgetown University's Produce Safety Project
• World Health Organization (WHO) first ever global estimate of food borne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths
• First ever estimates of the global burden of foodborne disease show almost 1 in 10 people fall ill every year from eating contaminated food & 420,000 die as a result
• Goals Of Food Borne Outbreak Investigation


  • STOP THE OUTBREAK
  • Define the cause
  • Find the source
  • Stop the spread
  • Implement control & prevention measures
  • Short term-long terms
• First 3 Steps Of CDC Outbreak Investigation


  • Confirm the existence of an epidemic
  • Verify the diagnosis
  • Develop a case definition
• Two Broad Classifications Of Food Borne Illness


  • Infection
  • Intoxication
• Infection


  • Microorganism enters the body & grows causing damage or releasing toxins
  • Consequence of the growth of a microorganism in the body