l3

• Cell division is a process that cells go through to survive
• somatic cells undergo of a cell division called mitosis
• sex cells or gametes undergo meiosis
• Prokaryotes are unicellular, they have no definite nucleus
• Eukaryotes are multicellular, they have a true definite nucleus
• Organelles are involved in cell divison
• DNA is a double stranded nucleic acid
• Genes are a portion of DNA stored from a human chromosome
• Interphase is a production of materials needed for cell division
• Nucleus is the control center of the cell
• The DNA is tightly coiled around proteins, called histones, to form chromosomes
• Nitrogen bases may be adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine
• DNA replication is the process when the DNA makes a copy of itself
• the centriole is a small cylindrical structure in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotes
• Cyclin dependent kinase is one of the major control switches that signals the cell to proceed from G1 to S phase or from G2 to M phase
• tumor protein p53 is a protein that blocks the cycle if the DNA is damaged
• apoptosis or cell death
• The Cell cycle: G1 to S phase to G2 to M phase
• First Growth phase or G1 is when the cell grows and prepares itself for DNA replication
• Synthesis phase or S phase is the time when the cell replicates its DNA
• second growth phase or G2 is when the cell manufactured necessary materials that it will need when the cell divides
• During interphase, the cell is busy preparing for cell division
• Mitotic phase or M phase is a process in which the nucleus divided into two new nuclei
• sister chromatids are the two identical chromosomes
• Meiosis may also be called gametogenesis
• oogenesis refers to the production of egg cells
• Spermatogenesis refers to the production of sperm cells
• The point where crossing over occurs is called a chiasma