Exam 2

• What are Clausewitz's 3 contributions?

  1. 'On War' and politics by other means

  2. Separation of military and government

  3. Fog of war and hierarchy is necessary
• What was the first nuclear detonation?

  The Gadget
• What is the unknown cause of WWI?

  The July Crisis
• What was the July Crisis?

  - Archduke Ferdinand Assassination

  - Austria-Hungary and Germany Blank Check

  - Austria-Hungary declares war with Serbia
• What did Clausewitz say about war?

  "War is politics by other means"

  "Fog of WAR! Military culture, chain of command"
• Who were the Allied Powers in WWII?

  US, UK, Soviet Union, China
• Who were the Axis Powers in WWII?

  Japan, Germany and Italy
• What is the Schlieffen Plan?

  Germany's plan of attack on two fronts (Russia and France) they were planning to take 6 weeks to complete
• What is Plan 17?

  France's plan to reclaim Alsace and Lorraine but didn't go well
• What was the American Delivery system (The Triad)

  Bombers, missiles, submarines
• What are the two factors crucial for deterrence?

  Credibility (showing you have the bombs)

  Capability (showing that you have POWERFUL bombs)
• What is Second Strike Capability

  The ability to detonate a weapon as soon as the other country attacks
• What are MIRVS?

  Multiple Independently Targeted Re-entry Vehicle

  (The cones of rockets have bombs in them)
• What does SLBM stand for?

  Submarine Launch Ballistic Missile
• What is the IAEA?

  International Atomic Energy Agency
• What is the ABM Treaty?

  Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty: Signed in 1972; don't weaken deterrence with ABMs
• What was SDI?

  Strategic Defense Initiative, Reagan
• What does START stand for?

  Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

  (US and USSR)
• What does SALT stand for?

  Strategic Arms Limiting Talk
• What is NPT?

  Nuclear Proliferation Talks

  - Countries can't give away bombs and can't make anymore if they don't have any
• What is CTBT?

  Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
• What are the dates of WWI?

  Jul 28, 1914 - Nov 11, 1918
• What are the dates of WWII?

  Sep 1, 1939 - Sep 2, 1945
• Where did Totalitarianism rise?

  Italy, Germany, Japan, USSR
• Historically speaking, the Cold War emanates from what?

  THE GERMAN PROBLEM (?)
• What does MAD stand for?

  Mutually Assured Destruction
• What are the three levels of analysis?

  Individual, Domestic, and Systemic/Structural
• What are the types of War?

  -Hegemonic

  -Total

  -Limited War

  -Civil Wars

  -Guerrilla

  -Terrorism
• What is Hegemonic War?

  Change in the global or systemic control
• What is Total War?

  Defeat enemy, take territory, capital, occupy
• What is Limited War?

  Single or limited objectives (Gulf War/Vietnam)
• What is Civil War?

  -Two goals- irredentism or territorial control, secession

  -Control of the state government
• What is Guerrilla War?

  Both a type and a weapon
• What is the individual level of analysis?

  -Rationalist

  -Irrationalist

  -Role of education, experience

  -Mentality of leaders
• What is the domestic level of analysis?

  -Nationalism

  -What happens within the state matters→to the external world

  -Regime type
• What is systemic or international level of analysis?

  -power transition

  -security dilemma

  -role of systemic changes in tech, international norms
• What are the 3 key outcomes of the Franco-Prussian War?

  1. A new balance of power in europe (stronger Germany, weaker France)

  2. Germany becomes a powerful state

  3. Germany takes French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine
• What is French Foreign Policy from 1871-1914?

  1. Defeat Germany

  2. Get back Alsace and Lorraine

  3. Restore French Gloire (Glory)

  4. Hyper nationalism in France drives almost all its policies
• What is the difference between IR Theory and Foreign Policy?

  -IR Theory: wants to predict general outcomes (war, peace, trade, cooperation)

  -Foreign Policy: determines how and when specific outcomes will take place
• What are the three primary variables to consider in Foreign Policy?

  1. Individuals making the decisions

  2. Type of State and society (size, wealth, population, history, etc.)

  3. International context within which they operate