PARALEC

• Egg features

  • Size: 50-55 by 25 micrometers
  • Shape: Barrel, football, hyaline polar plug at each end
  • Shell: Smooth; yellow-brown color because of bile contact

  
• Adult features


  • Size: 2.5-5 centimeters
  • Anterior end: Colorless; resembles whip handle; contains slender esophagus
  • Posterior end: Pinkish gray; resembles whip itself; contains digestive and reproductive systems; male possess prominent curled tail
• 3rd most common helminth, found primarily in warm climates
• Japansese lantern ova
• Symptoms: Rectal prolapse and peristalsis
• Ascaris lumbricoides


  Large intestinal roundworm, roundworm of a man

  
• Egg features (unfertilized)


  • Size: 85-95 by 38-45 micrometers
  • Shape: Varies
  • Shell: Thin, usually corticated
  • Embryo: Unembryonated

  
• Egg features (fertilized)


  • Size: 40-75 by 30-50 micrometers
  • Shape: Rounder than non-fertilized
  • Shell: Thick chitin
  • Embryo: Undeveloped unicellular

  
• Adult features


  • Adult female: 20-35 centimeters
  • Adult male: 15-31 centimeters
  • Color: Cream white, pink tint
• Usual infection of 10-20 worms
• Symptoms: Chest pain, cough, fever, increased eosinophils, heart to lung infiltration, asthmatic attack, edema of the lips
• Treatment: Albendazole, mebendazole
• Egg features


  • Size: Average, 48 by 35 um
  • Shell: Thin, hyaline

  
• Stages


  • Rhabditiform larva: 220 by 15 um
  • Other features: Short buccal cavity, prominent genital primordium

  
• Adult female reproduces parthenogenically (independently) as there are no obvious morphologic structures to indicate that a male is required for fertilization
• Cochin-China Diarrhea/ Vietnam Diarrhea (French soldiers on duty in Vietnam who had severe Diarrhea)
• Chinese lantern ova
• Symptoms: Diarrhea and abdominal pain. Exhibit urticaria accompanied by eosinophilia.
• Treatment: Ivermectin with Albendazole
• Capillaria philippinensis


  Pudoc worm

  
• Egg features


  • Size: 35-45 mm long, 20-25 wide
  • Shell: Peanut shape with striated shells and flattened bipolar plugs
  • Other features: They must reach the water to be ingested
• Adult features


  • Thin filamentous anterior and a slight thicker and shorter posterior end
  • Stichocytes - rows of secretory cells in esophagus
  • Stichosome - the entire esophageal structure
• First reported in Northern Luzon
• Fish eating birds are the natural host of the nematodes
• Infections are acquired by eating uncooked small freshwater/ brackish water fish
• Symptoms: Intestinal capillariasis - abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, and gurgling stomach (borborygmi sound)
• Treatment: Albendazole and Mebendazole
• Ancylostoma duodenale


  Old world hookworm

  
• Necator americanus


  New world hookworm

  
• Egg features


  • Size: A. Duodenale - 55-60 mm length, N. Americanus - 60-65 mm length, 35-40 um width
  • Shell: Smooth, colorless

  
• Stages

  • Rhabditiform larva: Newly hatched - 270 by 15 um, 5 days old - 540-700 um long
  • Filariform larva: Length of esophagus - short, Tail - pointed

  
• Adult features


  • Adult female: 9-12 mm long, 0.25-0.50 mm wide
  • Adult male: 5-10 mm long, 0.2-0.4 mm wide, Prominent posterior copulatory bursa
• Causative agent


  Ancyolostomiasis, Necatoriasis
• A. Duodenale contains actual teeth, N. Americanus contains pairs of cutting plates
• Hookworm infections usually chronic, hence no acute symptoms

  
• Patients who repeatedly infected may develop intense allergic itching at the site (ground itch)
• Microcytic hypochromic iron deficiency, weakness, and hypoproteinemia
• Enterobius vermicularis


  Pinworm, seatworm

  
• Egg features


  • Size: 48-60 um long, 20-35 um wide
  • Shell: Oval, one-sided flattened
• Adult features


  • Adult female: 7-14 mm long, up to 0.5 mm wide, Yellowish-white, Tail - Pointed resembles pinhead
  • Adult male: 2-4 mm long, up to 0.3 mm wide