psy final exam

• the three components of personality according to Freud are the id, ego, and ___

  superego
• Stage of psychosexual development: ORAL STAGE (0-1YRS)

  • 
    
  • Erogenous zone - mouth
  • Pleasure - from eating and sucking
  • Major conflict - being weaned from bottle or breast
  • Adult fixation - smoking, overeating, nail biting
• stages of psychosexual development

  ANAL STAGE (1-3 yrs)

  • Erogenous zone- anus
  • Pleasure- from bowel and bladder movements
  • major conflict- toilet training
  • Adult fixation-anal retentive personality (stingy, stubborn, need for order and neatness) anal expulsive personality (messy, careless, disorganized, prone to emotional outbursts)
• Stages of psychosexual stages: PHALLIC STAGE

  PHALLIC STAGE (3 -6 yrs)

  • Erogenous zone- genitals
  • major conflict- child feels a desire for the opposite sex parent and jealousy and hatred towards the same sex parent
  • oedipus complex (boys)-desires for mothers attention urge to replace father afraid of being punished by father for these feelings, (castration anxiety)
  • Electra complex (girls)-desire for fathers attention, urge to replace mother. angry at mother for not providing them with a penis (penis envy)
  • Adult fixation- vanity over ambition
• Stages of psychosexual development LATENCY STAGE

  LATENCY STAGE (6-12 yrs)

  • Erogenous zone- None
  • sexual feelings are dormant as children focus on school, friendships, hobbies, and engage with peers of the same sex
• Stages of psychosexual development

  GENITAL STAGE (12+yrs)

  • Erogenous zone- genitals
  • Sexual reawakening-urges are the redirected from parents to more socially acceptable partners
• What’s the main difference between feud and neo freudians

  Sigmund freud:

  • first, comprehensive theory of personality, explaining both normal and abnormal behaviors
  • Proposed that unconscious drives influence by six aggression in childhood sexuality, influence personality

  neo- freudians:

  • agreed that childhood experiences matter
  • less emphasis on sex
  • Focused on the social environment and effects of culture on personality
• What is the main idea of Eric Ericksons psychosocial theory of developments

  
  

  • Personality develops throughout the lifespan
  • Emphasis emphasizes importance of social relationship at each stage
  • Development of a healthy personality and sense of calm pretends depend on successfully, completing each of the eight stages
• What is the 5th need in maslow’s hierarchy of needs

  Self-actualization
• What is heritability

  Minnesota study of twins reared apart:

  • Found that identical, twins weather in together or apart have very similar personalities
  • Suggest that heritability of some personality traits
  • traits with more than a 0.5 how are the Bility ratio leader ship obedience to authority a sense of well-being alienation, stress, and fearfullness
• Difference between situationism and dispositionism

  Situationism-the views that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environments surroundings

  • Used by social psychologist

  Dispositionism-the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors (attribute of a person such as personality traits, and temperament)

  • Favored in the US
  • Used by personality psychologist
• _____hypothesis is the ideology that people get the outcome they deserve

  JUST - WORLD THEORY
• What was the outcome of the Stanford prison experiment?

  Demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts

  • social norms requires guards to be authoritarian and prisoners to be submissive
  • scripts influence the way guard degraded the prisoners by making them your push-ups and removing privacy
• Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person, to agree to a small favor to buy a small item to later ask for something larger

  foot in the door technique
• What was the takeaway of milgrams discussion theory?

  the Milgram experiment showed how ppl will obey authority
• Eustress


  Stress that can be positive and motivate us to do things in our best

  Associated with positive feelings, optimal health, and performance
• Distress


  bad stress causing people to feel burnt out (fatigued and exhausted) and performance to decline
• negative affects of prolong stress

  Notice the prolonged exposure to stress caused rats to show signs of adrenaline enlargement, thymus, is in lymph node, shrinkage and stomach ulceration

  Three stages:

  1. Alarm reaction-the bodies immediate reaction of palm, facing threatening
  2. Stage of resistance-the body has adapted,(readjusted) to the stressor but remains, alert, and prepared to respond (with less intensity)
  3. Stage of exhaustion- person can longer adapt to the stressor (depletation of physical resources ) physical where takes its toll on the body, tissue and organs
• Fight or flight response

  Set of physiological reactions that occur when an individual encounters, a perceived threat: produced by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and the endocrine system
• Chronic stress vs acute stress

  Chronic stressors- events that persist over an extended period of time,

  example, long-term, and unemployment

  Acute stressors-brief events, that sometimes continue to be experienced as overwhelming well after the event has ended

  example, falling, and breaking a leg
• Which dimension of the type a behavior pattern is most predicted of Heart disease

  anger and hostility
• Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems related to stress

  Problem, focused, coping and emotion, focused coping
• What is psychological disorder?

  A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

  • Behaviors, thoughts, and inner experiences that are atypical, dysfunctional, or dangerous or signs of psychological disorder
• What is etiology?

  The study of causes or origins of diseases.
• Which classification system is used by most of the health professionals in the US?

  Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
• What is comorbidity?

  The co-occurrence of two disorders
• What diseases are heritable?

  Panic disorder,

  • 43% heritable

  Borderline personality disorder
• Hopelessness theory

  specific negative thinking-> sense of hopelessness->depression

  1. Negative thinking-refers to the tendency to perceive negative life event as having stable. (It’s never going to change) and global (it’s going to affect my whole life)

  2. Hopelessness-expectation that unpleasant outcomes, will occur or desired

  outcomes will not occur, and there is nothing one can do to prevent such

  outcomes
• Voluntary vs involuntary treatment

  voluntary treatment- the person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief from symptoms

  Involuntary treatment- therapy is not the individual choice
• Most common form of treatment in mid evil times

  Exorcism
• What do we call asylums today?

  Psychiatric hospitals and local community hospitals
• When your kind and not judgmental towards the client (Karl roger)

  Unconditional positive regard
• Which principle underlies cognitive therapy

  how you think affects how you feel