Chapter 7 Grammar

• When do you use saber?


  -INFORMATION (ex)

  -telephone number

  -a name

  -how to do something

  -a direction

  -song lyrics
• When do you used conocer (conozco)?


  To KNOW and to MEET

  -people

  -places

  -things
• What are the DIRECT object pronouns?


  -me

  -te

  -lo / la

  -nos

  -os

  -los / las
• What are direct objects?


  the first recipient of the action of the verb

  (ex: Donde están las noticias? Las son están la sala)
• Where do direct object pronouns go when in a sentence with an infinitive or present participle?

  attached to the end of the verb
• What does the direct object "lo" also refer?

  actions, situations, or ideas in general (means that or it)
• What are the adverb indefinite and Negative words?

  -siempre (always)

  -nunca; jamás (never)

  -también (also)

  -tampoco (neither, not either)
• What are the indefinite and negative nouns?


  -alguien (someone, anyone)

  -nadie (no one, nobody, not anybody)

  -algo (something, anything)

  -nada (nothing, not anything)
• What are the adjective indefinite and negative words?

  -algún, alguna, algunos/as (some, any)

  -ningún, ninguna (no, not any)
• What is the format for a formal command?


  verb + usted/ustedes conjugation

  (use yo form for stem changes + usted/ustedes conjugation)

  (ar -> e; er/ir -> a)
• Conjugate the following verbs for formal commands: pensar, volver, and pedir

  -piense, piensen

  -vuelva, vuelvan

  -pida, pidan
• For formal commands, what are verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar conjugated to?


  -car: -qu (buscar -> busque; busquen) -gar: -gu (pagar -> pague; paguen) -zar: -c (empezar -> empiece; empiecen)
• What are the verbs with irregular yo forms in present tense conjugated for formal commands (singular and plural)?


  -Decir (diga; digan)

  -hacer (haga; hagan)

  -oír (oiga; oigan)

  -salir (salga; salgan)

  -tener (tenga; tengan)

  -venir (venga, vengan)

  -traer (traiga, traigan)

  -ver (vea, vean)
• What are the verbs with irregular conjugations for formal commands?


  -dar (dé, den)

  -estar (esté, estén)

  -ir (vaya, vayan)

  -saber (sepa, sepan)

  -ser (sea, sean)
• Where is "no" placed in a sentence with a direct object pronoun?

  before the pronoun
• What is the rule of direct object pronouns when in affirmative commands?

  accent is placed on third vowel from the right to maintain stress on vowel (i.e. Pídalo usted; Siéntense)
• What is the rule for direct object pronouns when in negative commands?


  DOP and no must precede the verb (i.e. no lo pida usted; no se levanten)