Lab Values

Cards (89)

  • WBC are to fight infection
    • normal = 5-10
  • WBC
    • leukocytosis > 11
    • fever, lethargic, dizzy, bruising
    • due to surgery, infection, trauma, pain, medications
  • WBC
    • leukopenia <4
    • anemia, weakness, fatigue, fever, HA
    • due to infections or chemo
  • WBC
    • neutropenia < 1.5
    • fever, mouth sores, skin sores, sx of pneumonia
    • Due to infection or chemo
  • Platelets are for clotting
    • 140-400
  • Platelets
    • thrombocytosis >450
    • risk for clot because blood is too thick
    • weakness, HA, dizzy, chest pain, tingling in hands/feet
  • Platelets
    • Thrombocytopenia <150
    • blood is too thin, fall risk
    • Petechiae, fatigue, jaundice, risk for bleeding
    • Due to infection, chemo
  • Hemoglobin is a protein in RBC that delivers O2 to your tissues
    • Males: 14-17
    • Females: 12-16
  • Hb
    • polycythemia
    • dizzy, seizures, angina, TIA, orthostatic hypotension
    • Due to heart disease, dehydration
    • HCV >20 can lead to clogging of capillaries
    • LCV <5-7 can lead to heart failure or death
  • Hb
    • anemia
    • decreased endurance and activity tolerance, pallor, tachycardia
    • due to hemorrhage, sickle cell anemia
  • Hematocrit measures the % of RBC in your body
    • Males 42-52%
    • Females 37-47%
  • Hct
    • Polycythemia
    • fever, HA, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, easily bruised
    • Due to burns, eclampsia, severe dehydration, living in higher altitudes
    • Low CV <15-20% = cardiac arrest or death
    • High CV >60% = spontaneous blood clotting
  • Hct
    • anemia
    • pale skin, HA, dizzy, chest pain, SOB, cold hands/feet
    • Due to leukemia, hyperthyroidism, RA, hemorrhage
  • Sodium is the primary determinant of extracellular fluid volume and allows for conduction of nerve impulses
    • 134-142
  • What is part of the electrolyte panel?
    sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium
  • Sodium
    • hypernatremia > 145
    • irritable, agitated, seizure, hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urinary output
    • due to increased sodium intake, CHF, Cushing's disease
  • Sodium
    • hyponatremia <130
    • HA, lethargic, decreased reflexes, seizures, orthostatic hypotension, pitting edema
    • Due to diuretic use, GI issue, burns
  • Potassium is important for function of excitable cells such as nerves, muscles, and heart
    • 3.7-5.1
    • supports normal BP
  • Potassium
    • hyperkalemia >5.5
    • muscle weakness, paresthesia, bradycardia, cardiac arrest
    • due to renal failure, blood transfusion
  • Potassium
    • hypokalemia <3.5
    • Extremity weakness, decreased reflexes, paresthesia, leg cramps, cardiac arrest, hypotension, constipation
    • Due to diarrhea, cushings, malnutrition
  • Calcium is important for bone/tooth formation, cell division and growth, muscle contraction, normal heart function
    • 99% stored in the bones
  • Calcium is regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
  • Calcium
    • hypercalcemia
    • lethargic, muscle weakness, constipation, decreased reflexes
    • Due to bone destruction (tumor), fx, immobilization
  • Calcium
    • hypocalcemia
    • anxiety, confusion, seizure, fatigue, numbness/tingling, increased reflexes, muscle cramps
    • due to poor dietary intake, limited absorption, pancreatitis
  • Chloride helps maintain BP, plays a role in digestion, important for acid-base balance
    • 98-108
  • Chloride
    • hyperchloremia
    • lethargic, decreased LOC, weakness, edema, HTN, tachycardia
    • due to high-salt, low-water diet
  • Chloride
    • hypochloremia
    • agitated, irritable, increased reflexes, cramping
    • due to low salt diet, water intoxication, excessive vomiting or diarrhea
  • Phosphate is needed for bone and tooth formation
    • as calcium increases, phosphate decreases
    • 2.3-4.1
  • Phosphate
    • hyperphosphatemia
    • lethargic, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, constipation
    • due to bone destruction (tumor), immobilization, fx
  • Phosphate
    • hypophosphatemia
    • anxiety, confusion, seizure, fatigue, numbness/tingling, increased reflexes, muscle cramps
    • due to poor dietary intake, limited GI absorption
  • Magnesium is needed for muscles, nerves and heart to function properly
    • helps control BP and blood glucose, bone formation, immune function, and fluid balance
    • consumed in nuts, grains, leafy greens
    • 1.2-1.9
  • Magnesium
    • hypermagnesemia
    • drowsy, lethargic, decreased reflexes, hypotension
    • due to dehydration, leukemia, renal failure
  • Magnesium
    • hypomagnesemia
    • increased reflexes, tremors, spasticity, seizures, nystagmus, cardiac issues
    • due to eating disorders, medications
  • BUN = blood urea nitrogen, a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood
    • if kidneys are not functioning properly, the BUN will be increased
    • part of the kidney panel
  • BUN norms = 6-25
  • Increased BUN
    • HTN, fatigue, itchy/dry skin, decreased cognition, bone pain
    • due to high-protein diet, renal failure, fever
  • Serum creatinine is a waste product that comes from muscles
    • part of the kidney panel
    • Males 0.7-1.3
    • Females 0.4-1.1
  • Serum Creatinine increased
    • reduced urine output
    • back pain
    • dark urine
    • HA
    • Due to renal disease, muscular dystrophy, dehydration
  • Decreased serum creatinine
    • fatigue
    • Due to age, low muscle mass
  • Glucose measures blood glucose at the time the test is administered
    • 70-100