ab psych diagnostic exam

• Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming unusually large amounts of food without any compensatory behavior.
• Bulimia nervosa involves binge-eating followed by purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise or fasting, laxative use, diuretics, or enemas to prevent weight gain from overeating.
• Pica is an eating disorder that involves persistent consumption of nonnutritive substances (such as dirt, paint chips, hair) for at least one month.
• Rumination disorder is when individuals regurgitate their food repeatedly within 30 minutes of starting a meal.
• What is the most common method of losing weight utilized by people with Anorexia Nervosa? overexercising
• Egoistic suicide is seen as stemming from the absence of social integration. It is committed by individuals who are social outcast and see themselves as being alone or an outsider. These individuals are unable to find their own place in society and have problems adjusting to groups. They received little and no social care. Suicide is seen as a solution for them to free themselves from loneliness or excessive individuation.
• Altruistic suicide occurs when social group involvement is too high. Individuals are so well integrated into the group that they are willing to sacrifice their own life in order to fulfil some obligation for the group. Individuals kill themselves for the collective benefit of the group or for the cause that the group believes in.
• Anomic suicide is caused by the lack of social regulation and it occurs during high levels of stress and frustration. This suicide stems from sudden and unexpected changes in situations.
• Fatalistic suicide occurs when individuals are kept under tight regulation. These individuals are placed under extreme rules or high expectations are set upon them, which removes a person’s sense of self or individuality. Slavery and persecution are examples of this suicide where individuals may feel that they are destined by fate to be in such conditions and choose suicide as the only means of escaping such conditions.
• A hallucination is a false perception of objects or events involving your senses: sight, sound, smell, touch and taste. These may seem real, but they’re not.
• Auditory hallucinations: These are the most common type of hallucinations. They involve hearing sounds that aren’t real, like music, footsteps or doors banging.
• Visual hallucinations: You might see things that don't exist, like people, animals or colours.
• Tactile hallucinations: You might feel sensations on your skin without any physical contact.
• Olfactory hallucinations: You can experience smells that aren't there.
• Gustatory hallucinations: You could have tastes in your mouth that aren't really there.
• Presence hallucinations: These hallucinations make you feel that someone is in the room with you or standing behind you.
• • Proprioceptive hallucinations: These hallucinations make you think that your body is moving, such as flying or floating, when it’s not.
• Auditory hallucinations are one of the most common types of hallucination experienced by individuals with schizophrenia.
• Hypnopompic hallucinations: These are hallucinations that occur as you're waking up from sleep.
• Hypnagogic hallucinations: These are hallucinations that happen as you're falling asleep. They’re usually short-lasting and about 86% of them are visual. 
• What is the difference between a hallucination and a delusion?

  A hallucination is a sensory experience. It involves seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling or feeling something that isn't there.

  Delusions are unshakable beliefs in something untrue. For example, they can involve someone thinking they have special powers or they’re being poisoned despite strong evidence that these beliefs aren’t true.
• What’s the difference between a hallucination and an illusion?

  Hallucinations are a perception not based on sensory input, whereas illusions are misinterpretations of sensory inputs. In other words, hallucinations involve experiencing something that doesn’t exist.

  Illusions happen when you misinterpret something real in your environment.

  For example, you might mistake a black bag sitting on a window sill for a black cat. Upon further examination, you realize that it’s a bag and not a cat.
• Capgras syndrome - It is a syndrome characterized by a false belief that an identical duplicate has replaced someone significant to the patient.
• What is the most common site of hair pulling in trichotillomania?

  Scalp
• Which of the following is a type of non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder in DSM-5?

  Sleep terrors
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder features a pattern of unwanted thoughts and fears known as obsessions. These obsessions lead you to do repetitive behaviors, also called compulsions. These obsessions and compulsions get in the way of daily activities and cause a lot of distress.
• characterized by the conscious repetitive picking of skin that leads to skin lesions and significant distress or functional impairment

  Excoriation
• In order to meet the diagnostic criteria for excoriation, the picking must be severe enough to result in which of the following?

  Skin lesions
• Factitious disorder is a condition in which a patient intentionally falsifies medical or psychiatric symptoms
• • Anterograde amnesia: A person cannot remember new information but can remember events from before the onset of amnesia.
• • Retrograde amnesia: A person can remember new information but cannot remember events from before the onset of amnesia.
• • Dissociative amnesia: A person may forget specific events or time periods.
• • Traumatic amnesia: After a head injury, a person may experience anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, or both types.
• Enuresis is classified as an elimination disorder. It is frequently diagnosed in children who wet the bed or fail to establish continence of urine.
• Cataplexy is a condition that brings on brief bouts of muscle weakness or paralysis. It can happen in people living with the sleep disorder narcolepsy
• Children with this disorder often exhibit hypervigilance in social interactions and might not seek or accept comfort in times of threat.

  Reactive Attachment Disorder
• What is the hallmark of caffeine withdrawal?

  Headache
• Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are primarily motivated by a need for which of the following?

  Control
• According to the biological view, what part of the brain holds the personality?

  Frontal lobe
• positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal function (eg, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior)