alkenes

Created by

mia

Cards (21)

what is electrophilic addition? 
an addition reaction in which an electrophile causes the first bond to break
what does unsaturated mean?
contains at least one carbon to carbon multiple bond
what are stereoisomers?
same structural formula, different arrangement of atoms in space
what is an electrophile?
electron pair acceptor
what is heterolytic fission?
the breaking of a covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons are split unequally
what are biodegradable polymers?
broken down naturally in the environment into carbon dioxide and water
how is a sigma bond formed?
the overlap of orbitals where each carbon atom contributes one electron to the bonding pair
how is a pi bond formed?
by the sideways double overlap of p-orbitals above and below the plane of the molecule
what is a functional group?
the atoms or bonds that control the chemical reactivity of the compound
why is the C=C bond reactive?
more electrons which is a region of high electron density
what is the test for a C=C?
add bromine water
-orange to colourless
what conditions for hydrogenation?
nickel catalyst and 150C
what is the product of ethene+hydogen
ethane
what is hydrogenation used for?
manufacture of margarine
what conditions to react alkenes and halogens
room temperature and pressure
what are the conditions for hydration?
- high temperature and pressure
- concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst
what is hydration used for?
production of ethanol
what is addition polymerisation?
when two monomers with carbon-carbon double bonds react together to form a polymer
what are the conditions of addition polymerisation?
- 200C and very high pressures
or
- Catalysts such as TiCl3 and 60C
what are disadvantages of polymers?
- non biodegradable
- burning makes carbon dioxide
how can polymers be used as a fuel source?
- burn under controlled conditions to produce heat energy
- toxic waste products are removed using gas scrubber, which contain a base to neutralise HCL