the digestive system

• Types of Digestion


  • Mechanical
  • Chemical
• Mechanical digestion


  Physical breakdown of food
• Chemical digestion


  Breaking down food molecules into smaller pieces
• Stages of digestion


  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Elimination
• Bolus


  Food that passes through the pharynx, epiglottis and esophagus
• Mucus

  Secretion from goblet cells which protects the digestive tract
• Stomach


  • Rugae to allow expansion
  • Produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) to kill microorganisms, stop amylase, and activate pepsinogen
• Pepsin


  Protein-digesting enzyme produced in the stomach
• Gastrin


  Hormone that increases stomach acid production
• Chyme


  Food mixture in the stomach
• Salivary amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
• Peristalsis


  Rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation
• Salivary glands


  • Parotid
  • Sublingual
  • Submandibular
• Salivary glands produce saliva