agri

• When analysing markets, a range of assumptions are made about the rationality of economic agents involved in the transactions
• The Wealth of Nations was written

  1776
• Rational


  (in classical economic theory) economic agents are able to consider the outcome of their choices and recognise the net benefits of each one
• Rational agents will select the choice which presents the highest benefits
• Producers act rationally by


  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits
• Workers act rationally by


  Balancing welfare at work with consideration of both pay and benefits
• Governments act rationally by

  Placing the interests of the people they serve first in order to maximise their welfare
• Rationality in classical economic theory is a flawed assumption as people usually don't act rationally
• A firm increases advertising

  Demand curve shifts right
• Demand curve shifting right

  Increases the equilibrium price and quantity
• Marginal utility


  The additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product
• If you add up marginal utility for each unit you get total utility
• welcome back to learn skn and today we're gonna be looking at some agricultural science I'm seasick agricultural science today we're gonna looking at section three of the syllabus of the alkylation syllabus section three sorry section a objective tree we were looking at the challenges in agriculture
• the challenges in agriculture so it is only one main objective here three point one discuss the major change is affecting local and regional agriculture and possible solutions
• we're gonna jump into all of these there are challenges that agriculture face especially in the Caribbean region and some draft is globally
• we're gonna take it from big textbook recommended textbook and so you see the textbook has a nice chat flowchart outlined here challenge the agriculture major changes possible solutions
• climate is an issue we react wind breaks using use organic mulches topography is an issue come to enterance in rural infrastructure and so on and so i will try and break them down as much as we can but as you can see it a mouthful
• local and general challenges in agriculture let's we do a quick revision of the description in major the major challenge is comfort in our culture is food security this is the continuing able to feed an ever-increasing global population while protecting the natural environment from degradation improve methods of reproduction and livestock husbands you can result in higher yields but these deals have to be balanced against effect they have on the environment in this unit local audio issues are considered together with worldwide challenges such as global warming and maintaining biodiversity
• the world is expected to reach about 9 billion people 9 billion by 2050 around 9 billion people right now we have seven billion roughly and so by 2050 you should have about nine billion or more no the issue is to create enough for pollution produce enough food using the current amount of land we have are maybe less because you know lanza rapidly being overtaken by in a housing and other industrial in industries you know hotel industry housing all those things land is also being reclaimed by the ocean of global warming taking place Island sinking that kind of stuff so you have to create produce more food than your pollution no with maybe the same amount of land or less for the population I have to do all that without destroying the environment without destroying the land without messing with the quality of the land
• climate is a major major issue than only in the Caribbean but around the world but climate is one of the biggest problems in our Caribbean area
• agriculture production is directly affected by climate conditions for any period production might be high or low depending on the weather conditions the carbon has two distinct seasons dry season and wet season all the months comprising the two seasonal periods vary slightly across territories
• with climate change coming on we might have longer dry seasons longer wet season I would normally do more intense dry season with droughts more intense but season with category 5 hurricanes and stuff like that
• most bad and destroying our crops killing our livestock so that's a problem and then there's a flipside we because of climate change we would have extended periods of drought I remember 2016 2015 there's a little drought in Eastern Caribbean and that we clavicle of livestock farmers and other crop production families it was terrible
• the dry season there is plenty of sunshine and the temperatures are high but there is a shortage of water especially for crop irrigation
• the wet season has heavily has heavy rainfall cool temperatures high humidity and strong winds hurricanes are current during the wet season and associated floods and strong winds can damage crops and livestock
• the challenges into cultivation includes pests and diseases which are more common during the rainy seasons
• the rainy season is extended because of climate change know what this no means is that certain pests fungus mole and things like that that require damp conditions to to propagate to live would basically be there for a long period of time during the year
• the Caribbean we we basically contributes very very little to global warming and climate change this is mostly caused by large countries China America those larger countries yet we have to suffer the consequences
• Strategies for coping with climate

  1. In the dry season, farmers conserve soil water using organic mulch and manure

  2. In the rainy season, use chambered beds and prune and stake crops to reduce damage
• government can give farmers subsidies, establish ponds to reduce flooding and allow irrigation in dry seasons, and help farmers establish windbreaks
• topography is a problem because most Caribbean farms are on hilly or mountainous terrain, making mechanization difficult and increasing erosion risk
• Strategies for dealing with topography

  1. Use strip cropping, cover crops, terracing, and barriers to control erosion

  2. But these are expensive for farmers
• rural infrastructure like storage, transport, irrigation, electricity, and social services is often lacking in Caribbean rural areas
• lack of rural infrastructure discourages farmers from staying in rural areas, leading to rural-urban migration and reduced agricultural production
• investment in rural infrastructure by Caribbean governments is needed to increase agricultural production and food security
• extension services that link farmers to authorities and provide advice are often inadequate, with too few extension officers to serve all farmers
• Rural infrastructure or lack thereof is a major problem in Caribbean agriculture for many reasons
• Extension services


  The link between the farmers and the authorities/government
• The lack of extension services is a major problem because farmers don't have the technical know-how with new techniques
• The Caribbean has a pool of technical knowledge about agriculture gained from development around the world, but it needs to be applied to the Caribbean context