population control methods

• Population control


  The policies and strategies designed to limit or increase natural increase in a population
• Population control policies


  • Usually set by a government and are anti or pro natalist in nature
  • Some are direct and designed to have a direct effect on fertility rates
  • Others deal with changes in thinking
  • Many countries engage in some form of population control in order to maintain economic and human development
  • Some are rigidly enforced, others are more relaxed based on cultural and religious beliefs
• Direct population control


  1. Anti-natalist policies

  2. Pro-natalist policies
• Anti-natalist policy


  A population policy which aims to discourage births
• Anti-natalist policies


  • Education on family planning and increased access to contraception
  • China's One Child Policy

  
• Other anti-natalist policies


  • Government introduce pension schemes
  • Paying more taxes if you have more children; losing your job
  • Higher maternity and educational costs for each additional child (user fees)
  • Increased access to education about birth control methods
  • Educating women
  • Enabling women to have greater personal and economic independence
  • Increasing legal marriage age
• Pro-natalist policy


  A population policy which aims to encourage more births through the use of incentives
• Pro-natalist policies in France


  • Cash incentives to mothers to remain at home after the birth of a third child
  • Reductions in cost of train fares
  • Income tax benefits
  • Generous parental leave and subsidised day-care
  • Preferential treatment for housing with families with more than three children
• Other pro-natalist policies


  • Improvement in public health and sanitation
  • Free education and health care
  • Encouraging immigration , especially of workers
  • Providing full legal rights to women
• Indirect population control


  Can cause population growth or decline, often as a result of natural disasters or social and economic policies
• Natural disasters


  • Hurricanes, volcanoes, earthquakes etc. can affect future population growth through immediate deaths and loss of homes/livelihoods
• Haiti


  • The 2010 earthquake killed 250,000, injured 300,000, and destroyed homes/businesses of 1 million additional people
• Indirect social policies


  Aim to change thinking about family size through education, giving women greater work opportunities, and more knowledge about family planning and child health
• Other indirect population policies


  • Promotion of secular education – separation of religion and education
  • Promotion of communication between spouses (family planning)