meiosis

• Prophase I

  
• Metaphase I

  
• Anaphase I

  
• Telophase I

  
• Prophase II

  
• Metaphase II

  
• Anaphase II

  
• Telophase II

  
• Homologous Chromosomes

  
• Spindle fiber

  
• Meiosis


  Creates 4 haploid gamete cells from a diploid cell.

  
• Prophase I


  nuclear membrane starts to dissolve, Crossing over occurs during this stage.

  
• Crossing over


  Homologous chromosomes cross over each other and exchange genetic information. This happens during Prophase I. Creates genetic variation.

  
• Synapsis


  The pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during prophase 1. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to chromosomal crossover between them.

  
• Homologous Chromosomes


  Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes and are about the same size

  
• Metaphase I


  The chromosomes line up down the middle along with their homologous pair.

  
• Anaphase I


  homologous chromosomes pull apart to opposite sides

  
• Telophase I


  Nuclear membranes start to form to create two daughter nucluei that are both haploid

  
• Prophase II


  At this point the chromosomes reorganize and the nuclear membranes start to dissolve again. Begins with two haploid cells.

  
• Metaphase II


  The replicated chromosomes or sister chromatids line up single file.

  
• Anaphase II


  The spindles pull the sister chromatids apart. Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell.

  
• Telophase II


  Nuclear membrane reforms, creating 4 genetically different haploid nuclei. Cytokinesis divides the cells into four gametes

  
• gametes


  term used to describe sex cells, sperm for males...eggs for females

  
• asexual reproduction


  a type of reproduction method that involves 1 parent, offspring identical to the parent

  
• sexual reproduction


  a type of reproduction that involves two parents and fertilization occurs between gametes, offspring is genetically different from parents

  
• haploid


  a term used to describe a cell that has 1 set of each chromosome, symbol used is "n"

  
• diploid


  a term used to describe a cell that has 2 sets of each chromosome, symbol uses is "2n"

  
• fertilization


  process of fertilizing an egg to form a zygote.

  
• karyotype


  an organized profile/ arrangement of a eukaryotic cell's chromosomes, where the chromosomes are arranged in pairs using size, banding pattern, and centromere position
• Klinefelter syndrome

  
• Trisomy 21


  Down syndrome

  
• Trisomy 13