Cells

• Cells

  Building blocks that make up all the parts of an organism
• Without cells, organisms can not survive
• Multicellular organisms

  Organisms made of more than one cell
• Multicellular organisms

  • Plants
  • Animals
• Unicellular organisms

  Organisms made up of a single cell
• Unicellular organisms

  • Bacteria
  • Amoeba
• Organelle

  Structure found in the cytoplasm that carries out a particular function
• Prokaryotic cells

  • Do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Bacteria
• Eukaryotic cells


  • Contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• Eukaryotic cells


  • Fungi
  • Animals
  • Plants
• Nucleus


  Generally circular and in the centre of a cell, controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly like substance where cellular reactions occur, and organelles are situated
• Cell membrane


  Holds the cell together and controls the entry and exit of substances as a semi permeable barrier
• Mitochondria


  Tiny organelles where aerobic respiration occurs
• Plant cell


  • Has a nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane and a cytoplasm
  • Has a cell wall made of cellulose that provides strength and protection
  • Has a large vacuole filled with cell sap that maintains the shape of the cell
  • Has chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and trap light energy for photosynthesis
• Animal cell


  • Has a nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane and a cytoplasm
• Cell components


  • Chloroplast
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Vacuole
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
• Cells form groups
• Tissue


  Group of cells that perform a specific function
• Plant tissues


  • Xylem: Transports water and minerals
  • Epidermal: Covers surfaces
  • Mesophyll: Packs the spaces between other tissues
• Organ

  Group of tissues that perform a specific function
• Plant organs


  • Leaves, roots, stem, flowers
• Animal organs


  • Heart, lungs, liver, skin, kidneys
• Organ system

  Group of organs that perform a specific function
• Plant organ systems


  • Root and shoot system
• Red blood cell


  Carries oxygen to all cells of the body from the lungs
• Palisade cells


  Help in photosynthesis
• Root cells

  Absorb mineral ions and water from the soil
• Nerve cell

  Transmits electrical impulses in response to a stimulus