Tech

• Types of machines


  • Simple
  • Complex
• Complex machines

  • Made of two or more simple machines, sometimes even hundreds
• Simple machines

  • Lever
  • Ramp
  • Inclined plane
  • Wheel and axle
• Both simple and compound machines are super useful and important in our lives
• Inclined plane

  A simple machine that can be found in everyday objects such as ramps and stairs
• Inclined plane

  • Used for lifting of heavy objects with less effort by increasing the distance over which the force is applied
• Wheel and axle

  A simple machine where the wheel and axle are connected to each other
• Wheel and axle

  • Work together to reduce friction and make it easier to move objects
• Applications of the axle

  • Vehicles: The axle in a car allows the wheels to rotate, enabling the vehicle to move forward
  • Machines: Axles are used in various machines like pulleys and gears to transfer rotational motion
• Types of solid wheels

  • Ally wheel
  • Split rim wheel
  • Spoke wheel
• Gears

  Mechanical devices used to transfer rotational motion and change speed
• Types of gears

  • Spur gear
  • Straight gear
  • Idler gear
• Idler gear

  • Used to change the direction of rotation in a gear system
• Different types of wheels

  • Solid wheels
  • Alley wheels
  • Split rim wheels
  • Forged and cast wheels
• Solid wheels

  Machined up from a solid piece of material such as wood
• Alley wheels

  • Split rim wheels
• Gears

  Mechanical components with teeth that mesh or engage with other gears to transmit motion and power
• Gears

  1. Used to transfer rotation from one shaft to another

  2. Used for speed reduction or direction change in a machine

  3. Providing easier and more efficient power transmission
• Straight-cut gears

  • Teeth cut parallel to the gear axis
• When gears mesh

  They rotate in the opposite direction (counter-rotation)
• Idler gears

  Used to synchronize rotation between two gears without changing the direction or speed of rotation
• Cams


  Mechanical components used to convert rotary motion into reciprocating or oscillating motion
• Cranks

  Rotating mechanical components that convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion and vice versa
• The impact of technology terminology can be positive or negative
• Positive impacts of technology terminology

  • Clarity and precision
  • Innovation
  • Efficiency
• Negative impacts of technology terminology

  • Exclusion
  • Confusion
  • Obsolescence
• Advantages of synthetic materials

  • Durability
  • Versatility
  • Cost-effectiveness
• Disadvantages of synthetic materials

  • Environmental impact
  • Health concerns
• Negative impacts of plastic


  • Environmental pollution
  • Harm to wildlife
  • Greenhouse gas emissions
• Positive impacts of plastic


  • Light weight and durable
  • Versatile
• Manufacturing of paper

  1. Harvesting

  2. Pulping

  3. Cleaning and Refining

  4. Addition of Chemicals

  5. Formation

  6. Pressing

  7. Drying
• Recycling of waste paper and card helps reduce greenhouse gases, save energy, and save trees by reducing the need for raw material
• Mechanical advantage

  Load (resistance) / Effort (Input force)
• Velocity ratio

  Distance moved by effort / Distance moved by load