B2 flashcards

Created by

Jacob Stratford

Cards (70)

Name the gametes in PLANTS
Pollen and Ovum (egg)
State 3 ways the rate of development of antibiotic resistance strains of bacteria may be reduced.
Doctors shouldn‘t prescribe antibiotics unnecessarily
Patients should complete their course of antibiotics
Agricultural use should be restricted
List 8 abiotic factors
Light intensity
temperature
moisture levels
pH
mineral content
wind direction and intensity
carbon dioxide levels
oxygen levels
What are the 3 domains?
The three domains are Archaea (primitive bacteria), Bacteria (true bacteria), and Eukaryota (protists, fungi, plants, animals)
Define the term genotype
The combination of alleles present in the genome
Describe the steps in natural selection
Variation within a population caused by mutation
Best adapted to the environment are the ones that survive
If they survive long enough they reproduce
Genes are passed on
What is the role of homeostasis?
Regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimal conditions
define extinction
No more living members of a species
Define ecosystem
The interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with non-living (abiotic) parts of the environment.
Describe the role of thyroxine
Stimulates the basal metabolic rate and plays an important role in growth and development
Sequence the steps in developing antibiotic resistance
Bacteria are exposed to an antibiotic
Mutations produce new strains of bacteria
Some strains are resistant to the antibiotic and are not killed
they survive and reproduce
What is cystic fibrosis?
A genetic disorder of the cell membranes caused by a recessive allele
Who developed the ‘3 domain system’?
Carl Woese
Define the term consumer
organisms that eat other organisms
Define biodiversity
The variety of all the different species of organisms on earth, or within an ecosystem
How is type 2 diabetes treated? 
Lifestyle changes and medication.
What is the synapse?
The gap between neurones which a neurotransmitter diffuses across
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Insulin injections
Name the gametes in animals
Sperm and egg
Give 2 examples of how plants have been genetically engineered  
Increased yields, resistance to insect attacks
List the 6 main glands in the endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Kidneys
Testes
Ovaries
Define the term gene 
A section of DNA coding for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
Define the term recessive 
Two copies of this allele must be present in order to be expressed in the phenotype
Why are plants known as producers?
They do photosynthesis
All control systems include what 3 parts?
Receptors, coordinator, effector
Name the molecule that is used as a store of glucose
Glycogen
What is the difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes?
Type 1 - Pancreas fails to produce insulin
Type 2 - The body does not respond to insulin
What is an allele?
A variation of the same gene
Which organism is responsible for monitoring blood glucose?
Pancreas
What is a reflex action?
An involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus.
Describe the structure of DNA 
A polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix
State the 2 parts of the binomial system?
Genus and species
What are the 3 factors that need to be controlled by homeostasis in the human body?
Temperature, blood sugar levels, water levels.
Who developed the traditional method of classification of living things?
Carl Linnaeus
Define sexual reproduction
The fusion of male and female gametes
Define the term genome
The entire genetic material of an organism
Describe how sex is determined by chromosomes
The 23rd pair of chromosomes are XX (female) or XY (male)
Why do bacteria evolve quickly?
Bacteria reproduce at a fast rate
Describe the relationship between predators and prey in a stable community
The numbers of predators and prey rise and fall in cycles, predator lagging behind the prey
List 4 biotic factors
Food availability, new predators, new pathogens, competition between species