Health & Lifestyle

• Smoking tobacco results in a number of chemicals entering the body
• Tar


  Sticky black substance that can cause cancer
• Carbon monoxide


  Poisonous gas which prevents red blood cells from carrying oxygen
• Nicotine


  Addictive molecule which causes the heart to beat faster
• All of these chemicals affect the smoker's health
• Smoking can increase the risk of cancer, heart attacks, strokes
• Passive smoking (even if you don't smoke, breathing in others people smoke can cause the same effects)
• Smoking can cause respiratory diseases
• In pregnancy, smoking can increase chance of miscarriage, low fetus development and increase risk of sudden infant death (cot death)
• Cigarettes contain tobacco and tobacco contains many different chemicals that are harmful
• How smoking causes disease

  1. Smoking decreases the size of arteries so they are more likely to become blocked, leading to heart attack or stroke

  2. Chemicals in tobacco impact the alveoli in lungs, weakening their walls so they don't inflate properly, reducing oxygen in blood

  3. Chemicals stop cilia from sweeping mucus into stomach, so mucus ends up in lungs, causing infections
• What are the 7 important nutrients called?

  Water

  Fibre

  Vitamins

  Minerals

  Proteins

  Lipids

  Carbohydrates
• What are uses of each nutrient?

  Fibre - Provides bulk

  Water - Needed in cells and bodily fluids

  Vitamins - Keep you healthy

  Minerals - Keep you healthy

  Proteins - Used from growth and repair

  Lipids - Provides insulation, extra protection, stores energy

  Carbohydrates - Provides energy
• What are the 4 food tests?

  Sugar

  Starch

  Protein

  Lipids (fat)
• What are the colours of the Food Tests?

  Sugar - Red/orange

  Starch - Blue/black

  Lipids(fat) - Milky Emulsion

  Protein - Purple
• What is used in the Food Tests?

  Sugar - Benedict's Solution

  Starch - Iodine

  Lipids(fat) - Ethanol

  Protein - Copper Sulfate and Sodium Hydroxide
• What is the measurement for energy used?

  Joules
• Underweight people suffer from: tiredness, poor immune system
• Overweight people eat too much. This is know as obesity
• Overweight people are more likely to suffer from: heart disease, some cancers, stroke, diabetes
• What is the order of the Digestive System?

  1. Mouth
  2. Gullet
  3. Stomach
  4. Small Intestine
  5. Large Intestine
  6. Rectum
  7. Anus
• What are the functions of the digestive track?

  Mouth - Breaks down food with saliva

  Gullet - Food passes down here

  Small Intestine - Digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are added. The small molecules pass into the bloodstream via diffusion

  Large Intestine - Food that cannot be digested gets this far

  Rectum - Faeces are stored here

  Anus - Faeces pass through here
• What are adaptations of the villi?

  Increased surface area
• Define Enzymes

  A protein that speeds up digestion without being used up. They are known as biological catalysts
• Energy Intake Depends Upon

  Sex

  Age

  Activity level

  Diet
• What are the 3 different types of enzymes?

  Lipase

  Protease

  Carbohydrase
• Where is Carbohydrase located?

  Mouth

  Stomach

  Small Intestine
• What does Protease break proteins down into?

  Amino Acids
• What does Carbohydrase break carbohydrates down into?

  Sugar Molecules
• Where is Protease located?

  Stomach

  Small Intestine
• What does Lipase break lipids down into?

  Fatty Acids

  Glycerol
• What is used to help with the digestion of Lipids?

  Lipase

  Bile
• Where is Lipase located?

  Small Intestine
• What are the types of drugs?

  Medicinal

  Recreational
• Define a Medicinal Drug


  A drug used in medicine and normally benefit your health in some way
• Define a Recreational Drug

  A drug that is taken for enjoyment to help them relax and to stay awake. They offer no health benefits
• Example of Medicinal Drugs

  Ibuprofen

  Paracetamol
• Disadvantages of Medicinal Drugs

  Can cause harm if not taken in right amounts

  Can cause unwanted side effects
• Examples of Recreational Drugs

  Heroin

  Cocaine

  Cannabis
• Disadvantages of Recreational Drugs

  Even a small amount can cause harm to your body

  You many become reliant on drugs to feel normal

  You may end up in money debt