LAGOS

• Lagos

  Financial capital of Nigeria, 80% of industry based in Lagos
• Megacity


  A city with a population that exceeds 10 million
• Why is Lagos important

  • Regionally – large migrant population increases diversity; good communications keep it well connected
  • Nationally – contributes 30% of Nigeria's GDP, home to 80% of Nigeria's industry
  • Internationally – main financial centre of west Africa, large port, international airport
• Economic benefits - Lagos

  • Contributes to 30% of GDP but only 10% of population
  • Costal location – used to be fishing village, now a seaport
  • Sheltered harbour is accessible to ships
  • Murtala Muhammed airport in main arrival point for 80% of west Africa
  • Good transport links, industries locate here
• Push factors from rural

  • Education – no accessible education – either expensive or non existent
  • Healthcare – non-existent healthcare to better healthcare or medicine
  • Income – no earning work to more job opportunities, higher income, spending opportunity
  • Climate – no soil, harsh unstable climate
• Healthcare

  • Rural – non existent, people die from curable diseases
  • Cities – known to have healthcare, extended life expectance
• Education

  • Rural – few schools, no universities
  • Cities – many universities, ticket out of poverty
• Electricity

  • Rural – no power lines
  • Cities – can cut out, easily accessible
• Water supply

  • Rural – miles to water
  • Cities – wealthiest have piped water, can be bought in towns
• Makoko

  • Clean water – no pipes or network, informal dwelling, no infrastructure
  • Shelter – good enough, not clean or sanitary
  • Caloric intake – low, only eat what they need
  • Life expectancy – low, no formal healthcare, no medicine
  • Birth rate – high, children are needed to help
  • Infant mortality – no healthcare or sanitation
  • Literacy rate – low, no formal education
• Informal dwelling


  Not a registered settlement, not a formal dwelling – not included in consensus – if they were, government would have to provide
• Environmental challenges - Lagos


  • Water pollution – lack of sewage system, 60% of people live in informal settlements, water borne diseases, cannot drink from water
  • Waste management – 40% of waste collected, 13% recycled (500 informal workers)
  • Traffic congestion – fatal accidents are 28/100000, average commuter spends 3 hours in traffic, cars contribute to noise and air pollution
  • Air pollution – 5x recommended level, mostly from cars, many nitrous oxides, respiratory diseases develop, dust from construction, no regulation
• Sanitation challenges - Lagos

  • No collection system, informal workers reclaim and sell waste
• Clean water challenges - Lagos

  • 10% of Lagos of Lagos have water for 2 hours
  • Rapid growth means increase in demands
  • Water from venders can be continued
  • Water pipes are prone to leakages
  • Climate change, water will decrease
  • Water theft from pipes decreases water
  • Diseases in water contaminate possible sources
• Bus Rapid Transport - Disadvantages

  • Systematically – covers north to south, not rest of city
  • Pedestrians and taxis use bus lane
  • Population increasing too rapidly
  • One BRT isn't enough
• Bus Rapid Transport - Advantages

  • North-south route from suburbs to CBD
  • 200000 daily users
  • 2000 jobs linked to BRT
  • Affordable fares
  • Reduces air pollution
  • Reduces travel time 30%
  • Average wait 10 minutes