Moral philosophy

• Kant's deontological ethics


  kants theory that says good will means acting for the sake of duty and not treating people as a means to an end
• Preference utilitarianism


  Non-hedonistic form of utilitarianism that says we should maximise people's preferences rather than just happiness
• Practical wisdom


  Nothing you can learn from books, it is done through practice which shows how virtuous actions become a habit over time adding to our character
• Aristotle's virtue ethics fails to say what morality is. For example, a nurse who spends her life saving lives and does not enjoy her work, but does it because she believes it is needed, dies young. We have a strong intuition that her life is morally good, but she clearly did not achieve eudaimonia
• Hume's arguments for non-cognitivism


  Moral judgements motivate action, and there are only two kinds of knowledge; relations of ideas and matters of fact. Therefore, Hume argues that moral judgements are not judgements of reason/are non-cognitive
• Hume argues that ought statements cannot be logically derived from is statements, there is a gap between these, as you cannot logically get ought statements like 'you ought not to torture' from statements about what is such as 'that is an act of torture'