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• The height of Egyptian culture reached during then ( 4000-220 B.C )
• Egyptian architecture


  • Design was done with sun-baked bricks
  • For thousand years this material was used until shaping of stones was introduced
  • The great pyramid including those at Gaza were executed in this manner
  • The pyramids and their temples are columnar and trabeated
• The sphinx


  • Has massive pylons
  • Large courts with dark inner sanctuaries
  • A statue with a head of a King and has a body of lion
• The most famous structure in Egypt are the Pyramids
• The Pyramids


  • The center of the cult for their pharaohs
  • Rises to 482 feet tall (147m) high
  • Taller than the statue of Liberty
• Ziggurat


  • A place, a temple and a fortress
  • Characterized by graded steps leading to the upper next level
  • Massive and has the form of flat top pyramid
  • Corners are laid to the directions
  • Vertical walls are closed, of east west, north and south
  • Stones used are color black, white blue and yellow from top to bottom

  
• Mesopotamia is in modern Iraq which was occupied by the Sumerians in the mid 6ᵗʰ to the 2ⁿᵈ B.C
• The Sumerians had executed courtyard residences, and elaborate urban planning
• Combining features of Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions, Romanesque architecture exhibits massive quality, thick walls, round arches , sturdy piers , groin vaults , large towers, and symmetrical plans

  
• The art of the Romanesque period was characterized by a vigorous style in both painting and sculpture
• Middle Ages Architecture (Age of Faith 5000-900 A.D)


  • The typical chapel could not accommodate a large crowd
  • The structure was low and has a thick solid walls with small windows
  • From the top view the chapel looked like a fat English cross
  • It also had a flattish round dome
• During the Renaissance architects began to look back to the Romans and Greeks for inspiration when designing buildings

  
• Much of Renaissance architecture style was taken from Ancient Rome and Greece and then altered to fit their current lifestyle

  
• Baroque Architecture


  • Grandeur vastness in scope
  • Boldness of execution
  • Sweeping lines
  • Richly ornamented surface
  • Dramatic effect
  • Fondness for diagonal lines
• Rococo Period: Age of Artificiality


  • Architectural structures became smaller in scale
  • Royal residences became mansions, palaces became chalet
  • The Baroque characteristics were retained only the size reduced
• Freedom to use the style of the past or to adopt to the recent trend, to choose materials to use, what technique to apply was up to the architect in Nineteenth Century Architecture
• The introduction of the photographic camera and the convenience of faster travel have both affected by the patrons in Nineteenth Century Architecture
• Gothic Revival architecture


  • Lancet windows
  • Heavy ornamentation
  • Pinnacles
  • Use of natural materials such as stone and iron

  
• Eiffel Tower


  • A wrought-iron lattice tower
  • Ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, with Eiffel stopping frequently to explain various features
• Big Ben


  • Designed in the Gothic Revival style
  • Main characteristics are lancet windows, heavy ornamentation, pinnacles, and the use of natural materials such as stone and iron

  
• Statue of Liberty


  • A colossal neoclassical sculpture
  • The large mass is fragmented with architectural detail, in order to focus attention on the statue
• World Trade Center


  • The original complex of seven buildings
  • The Twin Towers were the tallest buildings in the world at the time of their completion
• Empire State Building


  • Completed in the Art Deco style
  • Focused on traits unique to the 20th century over stylistic traditions of the past
  • Plays with modern materials, such as steel and plate glass
  • Incorporates elements of architectural traditions from around the world into an original style
  • Defined by a high level of ornamentation, generally in bright, metallic colors, that features sunbursts, zigzags, and other dramatic shapes which often have a graphic, flattened appearance
• Modern Architecture


  • Emphasis on functionality, simplicity, elegance, and economy
  • Attempt to interpret man's purpose through his building, a style free in relation to change and independent of fixed symmetries
  • Elimination of unnecessary details
  • Adoption of express structure
  • Function before form
  • Elegance in simplicity
• Beijing National Olympic Stadium


  • Specifically designed and built as a venue for the 2008 Beijing Olympics
  • It took around 5 years to complete and cost a total of $423 million
  • Its construction consumed over 40,000 tons of steel and 110,000 tons of concrete
  • One of the biggest steel structures in the world and one of the world's biggest stadiums
  • The stadium should stand for at least 100 years
• Petronas Twin Towers


  • Designed by Argentine architect César Pelli
  • A distinctive postmodern Islamic architecture
  • Features mostly foreign luxury goods and high-street labels
• Fallingwater


  • A house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania
  • Built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Mill Run section of Stewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
• Burj Khalifa


  • Known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010
  • A skyscraper
• Burj Al-Arab, Dubai


  • A skyscraper
• The stadium will be used once again for the 2022 Winter Olympics
• It took around 5 years to complete and cost a total of $423 million
• Its construction consumed over 40,000 tons of steel and 110,000 tons of concrete
• The stadium


  • It is one of the biggest steel structures in the world and one of the world's biggest stadiums
  • The stadium should stand for at least 100 years
• Fallingwater is a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania, 43 miles (69 km) southeast of Pittsburgh
• The house was built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Mill Run section of Stewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, located in the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains
• The house was designed as a weekend home for the family of Liliane Kaufmann and her husband, Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr., owner of Kaufmann's Department Store
• Burj Khalifa


  Skyscraper in Dubai, previously known as Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010
• Burj Khalifa


  • The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region
  • The structure features a cladding system which is designed to withstand high-tech architecture
• Construction of the Burj Khalifa started on 6 January 2004
• The Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates