Periodic table

• Periodic table


  Arranges all of the known elements according to the increasing number of protons

  
• Periodic table


  • Divided into 18 groups that are vertical
  • Divided into 7 periods that are horizontal
• Element


  Represented by a symbol and has a unique name
• First 20 elements

  • H - Hydrogen
  • He - Helium
  • Li - Lithium
  • Be - Beryllium
  • B - Boron
  • C - Carbon
  • N - Nitrogen
  • O - Oxygen
  • F - Fluorine
  • Ne - Neon
  • Na - Sodium
  • Mg - Magnesium
  • Al - Aluminium
  • Si - Silicon
  • P - Phosphorus
  • S - Sulphur
  • Cl - Chlorine
  • Ar - Argon
  • K - Potassium
  • Ca - Calcium
• Types of elements


  • Metals
  • Nonmetals
  • Semimetals/Metalloids
• Metals


  • Shiny
  • Malleable and Ductile
  • Great electrical and heat conduction
  • Located on the left of the periodic table
• Nonmetals


  • Dull
  • Non-malleable and non-ductile
  • Poor electrical and heat conduction
  • Located on the right of the periodic table
• Semimetals


  • Shiny or dull
  • Non-malleable and non-ductile
  • Good electrical and heat conduction
  • Found in the middle of the periodic table
• Group names


  • Group 1 - Alkali metals
  • Group 2 - Alkaline earth metals
  • Group 7 - Halogens
  • Group 8 - Noble gases
• Atom


  • Tiny particle that serves as the building blocks of the universe
  • Has a nucleus and orbitals outside the nucleus
• Subatomic particles


  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
• Protons


  • Positive charge
  • Located in the nucleus
  • Has mass
• Neutrons


  • Neutral charge
  • Located in the nucleus
  • Has mass
• Electrons


  • Negative charge
  • Located in orbitals outside the nucleus
  • Has very little mass
• Mass number


  Determined by the sum of the protons and neutrons
• Atomic number


  Number of protons
• The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons
• Bohr diagram

  • Represents the structure of an element
  • The center ring represents the nucleus
  • Each ring represents an energy level
  • The first energy level can take two electrons
  • Each energy level thereafter can take a maximum of 8 electrons
  • You must fill the lowest energy level before continuing to higher energy levels
• Area

  • A
  • square metre
  • m²
• Volume


  • V
  • cubic Metre
  • m³
• Speed/Velocity


  • v
  • metre per second
  • m/s
• Acceleration


  • a
  • metre per second³
  • m/s²
• Force


  • F
  • newton
  • N
• Energy


  • E
  • joule
  • J
• Power


  • P
  • watt
  • W
• Pressure


  • P
  • pascal
  • Pa
• Electric Charge


  • a
  • coulomb
  • C
• Frequency


  • f
  • hertz
  • Hz
• Electric Resistance


  • R
  • ohm
  • Ω
• Temperature


  • T
  • celsius
  • °C
• Metre


  Unit for length
• Smaller objects


  • May use millimetres or centimetres
• Larger objects


  • May use kilometres
• International system of units (SI)

  Multiplying or dividing by 10s, 100s or thousands
• Length Conversions


  • 1 metre (m) = 100 centimetres (cm)
  • 1 metre (m) = 1000 millimetres (mm)
  • 1 kilometre (km) = 1000 metres (m)
• Mass Conversions


  • 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
  • 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg)
• Volume Conversions


  • 1 litre (L) = 1000 millilitres (mL)
  • 1 cubic metre (m³) = 1000 litres (L)
• Time Conversions


  • 1 minute = 60 seconds (s)
  • 1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds
• Energy Conversions


  • 1 joule (J) = 1 Newton metre (Nm)
  • 1 kilojoule (kJ) = 1000 joules (J)
• Tutorial 1


  1. 3.5 kilometres to metres

  2. 800 centimetres to metres

  3. 2.7 metres to centimetres

  4. 450 millimetres to metres

  5. 5.6 kilograms to grams

  6. 3200 grams to kilograms

  7. 0.9 grams to milligrams

  8. 1500 milligrams to grams

  9. 4.2 litres to millilitres

  10. 650 millilitres to litres

  11. 0.8 litres to millilitres

  12. 1800 litres to kilolitres

  13. 2.3 kilometres to centimetres

  14. 350 grams to kilograms and then to milligrams

  15. 5.6 litres to millilitres and then to cubic centimetres

  16. 4800 millimetres to metres and then to kilometres