physics paper 1

• what does the elastic potential energy store mean?

  the energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed
• what is geothermal energy?

  the thermal energy that is generated and stored in the earth
• 4 ways energy can be transferred

  • mechanically
  • electrically
  • through heating via infrared radiation
  • light or sound waves
• what is the main wasted energy output for a light bulb?

  Heat energy
• which two factors affect the strength of gravitational attraction between two objects?

  mass of the objects and the distance between them
• what 2 disadvantages do wind and solar power have in common?

  • they are unreliable - only generate when wind blows/sun shines
  • expensive to set up
• why are biofuels carbon neutral?

  absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide when growing as they do when burned.
• 3 advantages of biofuels?

  • renewable
  • easy to transport
  • can be used in vehicles e.g cars that use petrol
• 3 advantages of nucleur energy?

  • they don’t produce pollutants like sulfur dioxide or greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide
  • can be used in any condition - weather doesn’t matter
  • even though it’s a limited source, it’s unlikely to run out for a long time
• how does conduction work?

  • when solid is heated, heat energy transferred to the kinetic energy store of the particles
  • the vibrations of the molecules transfer energy to neighbouring molecules so they collide more frequently
  • process repeats
• what is the useful energy output for a light bulb? 


  Light energy
• Units of power? 


  Watts (W)
• Describe how heat transfer via radiation works

  • all objects absorb and emit infrared radiation
  • energy can be transferred by an object emitting radiation and another absorbing it
• How is solar power generated?

  by solar panels/cells which generate electricity from sunlight
• name the 7 renewable energy resources 


  • wind
  • solar
  • geothermal
  • water waves
  • biofuels
  • hydroelectricity
  • tidal
• what is kinetic energy?

  the kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses due to its motion
• gravity is?


  an invisible force that pulls objects towards each other
• what does kinetic energy store mean?

  motion energy
• what are units for velocity when calculating kinetic energy?

  meters per second (m/s)
• what is a thermistor used for?

  to measure temp e.g car engine
• what are the circuit symbols? 


  !

  
• series circuits are easy to set up
• what is the national grid?


  A network of power lines and substations that deliver electricity to homes and businesses. E.g transformers
• what is wrapped around a wire? why?

  plastic Insulation to prevent the electrical current from conducting electricity to the things it touches
• which wire is dangerous to touch? what colour is it?

  the live wire, brown
• what is mains electricity? 


  the electricity generated by power stations and delivered to homes via national grid
• which wire protects us from electrical shocks and is known as the safety feature? what colour is it?

  earth wire, green with yellow stripes.
• what creates an alternating current?

  alternate voltage from mains electricity
• what is the formula that links current, power and voltage?


  P = IV

  power = current x voltage
• Units for current?


  Amps
• which wire ‘completes the circuit’ ? what colour is it?

  Neutral wire, color is blue
• what is the advantage of a parallel circuit?

  if one component breaks, the circuit as a whole will still work.
• how does a fuse work?

  they have a thin wire that melts and breaks if current gets too high
• what formula links current, energy, time and voltage?


  energy (e) = voltage (v) X current (I) x time (s)
• what is the theory which explains the states of matter?

  Particle model of matter, kinetic theory
• what are the 3 assumptions of particle theory?

  small, Inelastic, spheres
• what is specific latent heat?

  the energy required to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another without temp change.
• what is the formula that links energy, latent heat, and mass?


  energy (E) = mass (M) X latent heat (L)
• how do particles in a trapped container behave?

  move randomly and travel in straight lines until they collide with another particles/wall and bounce off
• how does ‘boiling’ occur?


  as heat is applied to a liquid, particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. the forces of attraction break and the liquid boils into a gas