Save
biology
nucleotides
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Learn
Created by
Kate
Visit profile
Cards (69)
What
is a nucleotide made from?
pentose sugar
, nitrogenous base,
phosphate group
Which elements does a nucleotide contain
Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
, nitrogen and
phosphorus
Summary: what does DNA do
Stores
genetic information
Summary: what does RNA do
Makes the
proteins
from the
instructions
in the
DNA
What do nucleotides acids make up?
DNA
,
RNA
and other
nucleic acids
Phosphate group in DNA
Negatively
charged and
acidic
Made from
phosphorus
and
oxygen
What is the pentose sugar in DNA?
deoxyribose
What is the base in DNA?
Thiamine
,
Adeneine
,
Cyanine
,
Guanine
How to nucleotides link together
By
condensation
reaction to form
polynucleotides
(a polymer)
Polynucleotides are joined together by
Phosphodiester
bonds
What do phosphodiester bonds form between?
The
C3
of the sugar and the
phosphate
group
Why are 3' and 5' ends important
They can help tell you which way the
DNA
is facing
What structure does DNA go into
Double helix
structure
What are the two sugar phosphate backbones to each other
Anti-parallel
Definition of anti-parallel
Run in
opposite
directions
Synthesis of polypeptides
Can be broken back down into
nucleotides
by breaking the
phosphodiester
bonds- by a
hydrolysis
reaction
What do each DNA nucleotide have in common
Same
sugar
and
phosphate
group
How do each DNA nucleotide differ
different
bases
(thyamine, adenine and cytosine, guanine)
What's a purine
Larger
bases which contain
double
carbon
nitrogen
ring structures
Purine examples
Adenine
and
Guanine
How to remember purines
Small
word =
big
structures
What are pyradines
Smaller
bases
which contain
single
carbon nitrogen
ring
structures
How to remember pyrimidines
Y =
pyradines
Pyradine examples
Thyamine
and
cytosine
What is the double helix?
2
long strands of
polynucleotides
which are
coiled
into the double helix structure
What are the two strands in the double helix joined together by? (Type of bond between what?)
Hydrogen bonds
between the
bases
What does the phosphate sugar backbone have at each side ?
5' end
and
3' end
What does thyamine pair with
Adenine
How many hydrogen bonds do adenine and thyamine form?
2
What does guanine pair with?
Cytosine
How many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?
3
hydrogen
bonds
Why do purines and pyradines pair with each other?
To
maintain
a
constant distance
between the
DNA
backbones- results I'm
parallel
polynucleotide chains
What does the sequence of bases decide?
The
genetic
information of the
organism
What forms between the two sugar phosphate backbones
Hydrogen
bonds
Why is the distance between the sugar phosphate backbones always constant?
Because
purines
and
pyridines
always pair together
What is the universal energy currency
ATP
What happens to ATP to release chemical energy
Hydrolysed
(hydrolysis reaction)
How many phosphate groups in ATP
3
What's the base in ATP and ADP called?
Adenine
What's the phosphate sugar in ATP and ADP called?
Ribose
See all 69 cards