Biology Paper 1

• What is a community?

  Two or more populations of organisms.
• What is an ecosystem?

  The interaction between a community of living organisms and their environment.
• What is an organism?

  An individual living thing (Animal, plant).
• What are producers? 


  Plants and algae which photosynthesise.
• What do primary consumers eat?

  Producers.
• Are primary consumers herbivores, carnivores or omnivores?

  herbivores.
• Are secondary and tertiary consumers omnivores, carnivores or herbivores?

  Carnivores.
• What is the order of the levels of organisation within an ecosystem?

  Producer, Primary consumer, Secondary consumer, Tertiary consumer.
• If all predators were killed, what would happen to the population of their prey?

  It would increase.
• With the increase of prey, what would happen to their food?

  It would decrease because there is more prey to eat it.
• What is interdependence? 


  Organisms depending on each other for survival.
• What do all photosynthesising plants and algae in an ecosystem compete for?

  Light, space, water and minerals from soil.
• What do animals in an ecosystem compete for?

  Food, mates and territory.
• What is a stable community?

  Species remain relatively constant over time and live in a healthy balance with their environment.
• What are the two main types of eukaryotic cells?

  Animal and plant.
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

  The nucleus.
• What is the function of a root hair cell?

  Absorbs minerals and water.
• What is osmosis? 


  Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
• What is the function of a red blood cell?

  Carries oxygen around the body.
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  Strengthens and supports the cell.
• What type of cells are bacteria?

  Prokaryotic.
• What is the function of a nerve cell?

  Carries electrical impulses around the body.
• Where can adult stem cells be found?

  Bone marrow.
• What are two factors that affect the rate of activity of an enzyme?

  Temperature and pH.
• What are enzymes? 


  Protein molecules that catalyse specific reactions in organisms.
• Where is amylase produced?

  Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
• Describe the function of amylase. 


  To break down starch in glucose.
• Name three enzymes produced in the pancreas.

  Amylase, protease and lipase.
• What is the function of guard cells?


  Controls the opening and closing of the stomata.
• What is a pathogen?

  A microorganism that causes disease.
• Name two examples of bacterial diseases.


  Salmonella & Gonorrhoea.
• How does bacteria make you ill?

  Produces toxins that damage tissues.
• Name three examples of viral diseases.

  Measles, HIV & Tobacco mosaic virus.
• How can pathogens spread?


  Air, water & Direct contact.
• What is a communicable disease?

  A disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another.
• What are antigens? 


  Proteins on the surface of pathogens.
• Do antibiotics kill bacteria or viruses?

  Bacteria.
• What can monoclonal antibodies be used for?


  Treating cancer and in pregnancy tests.
• What is herd immunity?

  When most of a population is vaccinated against a disease, meaning it is less likely to spread.