Bacte

• Yes MUST TO KNOW IN BACTERIOLOGY

  • Soap
  • Germicidal
  • L. monocytogenes
  • Catalase (+)
  • 3 C's: Chicken, Coleslaw, Cheese
  • Chlamydia
• When delayed


  4'C
• Freezing


  • 20'C
• BAP


  Blood agar plate
• Phenotypic


  Basis of identifying organisms
• Gram (+) colonies


  • Dry, white, sometimes gray
• Gram (-) colonies


  • Gray and moist
• M. gordonae


  Destroyed by chlorine
• DNase test


  Utilizes 1N HCl
• LOA test


  • For Gram (+)
  • For nonfermentative
  • For Enterobacteriaceae
• Na hypochlorite


  Inactivates HBV (10mins) and HIV (2mins)
• Inoculating needles


  • Nichrome = F(+) on oxidase test
  • Not longer than 5cm
• Wire loop


  2mm diameter
• Urine


  • 0.001mL
  • 50k CFU/mL
  • Significant for UTI
• Organisms


  • C. albicans
  • Lactobacillus
• Cotton swab


  • Carrier state
  • Toxic to Neisseria
  • Good for virus
• Charcoal


  Removes the toxin inoculated by cotton
• Phenotype is the basis of identifying organisms
• Gram stain and colonies are the basis of identifying organisms
• Stool is not Gram stained
• PCR


  Most definitive method of identification
• Somatic antigen


  Basis of serotyping
• Pioneers of microbiology


  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  • Robert Koch
  • Louis Pasteur
  • Ehrlich
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek


  • Father of microbiology
  • Microscopist
  • 1st to describe bacteria
• Robert Koch


  • Germ theory: relationship of organisms to human disease
• Louis Pasteur


  • Father of Modern Microbiology
• Ehrlich


  • 1st to use dyes for stain
• Bacteria


  • Ave. size: 0.4-2μm
  • Reproduction: Binary fission (two-fold increase)
• Cell wall


  • Peptidoglycan (murein)
  • Protoplast: wall less G(+)
  • Spheroplast: wall less G(-)
• Gram (+)


  • Thick peptidoglycan
  • Teichoic acid
• Gram (-)


  • Thin peptidoglycan
  • LPS (Lipid A – exotoxin)
• Plasma membrane


  • Site for energy synthesis (ATP)
  • Osmotic/permeability barrier
• Nucleoid


  • Chromosome: dsDNA
  • Plasmid: Extrachromosomal DNA
• Plasmid


  Carries the antibiotic-resistance gene
• Drug-resistance


  Chromosome and plasmid-mediated
• Metachromatic granules


  Food reserves
• Ribosomes


  • Prokaryotic: 70S
  • Eukaryotic: 80S
• Common pili


  Bacterial adherence
• Sex pili


  Gene transfer
• ESBL


  By Gram (-) bacteria