Conduction

• Conduction


  The process where VIBRATING PARTICLES TRANSFER ENERGY to NEIGHBOURING PARTICLES
• Conduction


  • Occurs mainly in solids
  • Energy is transferred to the thermal store of the object
  • Particles in the heated part vibrate more and collide, transferring energy between their kinetic energy stores
  • This process continues until the energy is transferred to the other side of the object, usually to the thermal energy store of the surroundings
• Thermal conductivity


  A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material by conduction
• Convection


  Where energetic particles MOVE AWAY from HOTTER to COOLER REGIONS
• Convection


  • Occurs only in liquids and gases
  • Energy is transferred by heating to the thermal store of the liquid or gas, shared across the kinetic energy stores of the particles
  • Heated particles move faster, decreasing the density of the heated region
  • The warmer, less dense region rises, creating a convection current
• Radiators create convection currents


  1. Energy transferred from radiator to nearby air particles by conduction

  2. Warmer, less dense air rises, replaced by cooler air

  3. Heated air transfers energy to surroundings, cools and sinks

  4. Cycle repeats, creating a convection current