geography paper 1 flaschards

• typhoon haiyan when was it formed

  2 november 2013
• where and how was typhoon haitian formed


  7 degrees north of equator in the pacific ocean
• what was the short term aid provided for typhoon haitan


  UN 190 million emergency aid

  Australia 28 mil care package including doctors, healthcare supplies
• what where the long term responses to typhoon haiyan


  -mangroves replanted

  -debris cleared

  -infrastructure repaired
• where was typhoon haitan

  philippines (near vietnam between china sea)
• When did typhoon haiyan hit the philippines

  7 november 2013
• why where the consequences of typhoon haiyan so severe 


  -it’s an edc

  -winds up to 315km/h

  -up to 6km storm surges

  -flooding 1km inland around tacloban 90 percent was destroyed

  -crossed densely populated areas
• what where the consequences of typhoon haiyan


  -0.5 mil homeless

  -2.86 bil damage

  -trees uprooted

  -77% lost main source of income farming
• what’s the uk based natural hazard weather event

  Uk drought 2003
• When was the duration of the uk drought

  april 2010-may 2012
• what was the causes of uk drought 


  -less rainfall (55-95% of average)

  -warmer temp

  -dry soil

  -high water usage (1.7 bil water a day)
• what where the consequences of drought Uk 2012


  -farming- not enough water for livestock, difficult to harvest autumn 2011

  -environmental damage-wild fires in south wales

  -restrictions in homes-hosepipe bans for 20 mil people
• what where the responses to UK drought 2012


  -permits for companies to extract water from rivers

  -hosepipe bans

  -campaigns to use less water (turn off tap when brushing teeth, saves 6l of water!)
• Uk impacts of climate change

  caused by

  increased average temp

  warmer wetter winters

  hotter drier summers
• What’s the consequences of coastal flooding in uk 


  30% live in 10 miles of coast

  london could flood thames barrier not able to cope

  120 billion infrastructure at risk from flooding

  more spent on coastal defences
• Flooding consequences UK


  -coastal towns old people can’t cope die

  -2007 floods 3 dead, 50k no electricity -12 billion flood damage from 2.7 billion predicted increase

  -2 months rain fell in 24 hours in oxford 1400 mm
• hotter temperatures in uk consequences 


  -2k dead in 2003

  -9k new annual cases of salmonella 2050

  -better for tourism

  -wine industry 14 trophies, 6.4 million bottles sold in 2014

  -1-2.5 degrees hotter by 2050
• global impacts of climate change where are they noticed

  Tuvalu

  maldives
• tuvalu mini case study global impacts of climate change


  9 islands south pacific

  export copra

  seas hotter more acidic

  less water less fish increased pollution

  campaigning to internationally reduce carbon emissions
• What’s the uk named river basic case study 


  river severn
• what’s general info on uk named river basin 


  -uks longest river

  -220 miles long

  -starts source in mid wales

  -madjure tributaries

  -industrial history
• what’s on the uppercoarse of uk named river basin

  -vertical erosion

  -hard rocks

  -vshaped valleys

  -waterfalls (pustyll rhaedhyr)

  -waterfall retreats leaving a gorge

  -characteristics rocks slate and quartzite

  -physical weathering freeze thaw

  -erosion abrasion
• whats found in the middle course of the river severn 


  through england

  oxbow lakes

  meanders iron bridge

  -lateral erosion

  -soft rock type sandstone mudstone
• what’s found on the lower course of river

  -severn estuary

  -flows into bristol channel

  -floodplains

  -estuarine land forms salt marshes mudflats
• what are your two case studies for ecosystems

  tropical rainforest, arctic
• why’s the tropical rainforest valuable

  -goods-economy, medicine,water,tourism,cheap land

  Servicres-biodiversity, climate change, houses for tribes
• Goods in tropical rainfores (TRF)


  climate-stores 15 percent of CO2

  health-where 25 percent of medicines come from

  -provides 2/3 of brazils energy

  food bananas cofee

  purifies water
• How’s costa tics helping sustain TRF 


  protected areas- 24% protected, 28 national parks and nature reserves- this is sustainable as they won’t be cut down and can naturally develop
• whats costa rica doing about forestry in the trf

  -agroforestry- trees and crops grow together money and both benefit from nutrients

  -afforestatio-trees replanted, regenervates however takes time

  • monitoring- people who cause damage can no longer- punished no more damage
• How’s costa rica supporting sustainable tourism

  The sambastic nature reserve - ECO TOURISM

  • small scale
  • -local people have jobs
  • better infrastructure

  however is expensive limited and doesn’t appeal to all

  relaxing no damage helps economy
• What’s the uk coastal case study 


  Jurassic coast
• How was the jurassic coast formed 


  -triassic period- rocks desert conditions

  -jurassic period-sea levels rose sand stone fossils

  -cretaceous period- new rocks formed seas sunk

  -quaternary- sea levels rose after ice age to create current coast
• Influence of weather on jurassic coast

  winter storm 2014
• how did the winter storm 2014 impact the coast 


  -railways damaged

  -west bay rocks fell

  -coastal retreat due to increased erosion
• how’s future climate change going to impact the jurassic coast 


  -sea levels rise 600mm by 2100

  -larger waves more erosion

  -more erosion=more mass movement
• what are the main landforms along the jurassic coast

  chesil beach

  lulworth cove

  old harry rocks
• what are the considerations for coastal management 


  -property value

  how many endangered

  economic value of historic features

  cost of replacing damage
• what are the 2 types of coastal engineering

  soft hard
• what are the hard methods of coastal engineering and what do they include

  • sea wall- built along coast reflects wave energy back
  • offshore reef concrete rocks placed along shore force waves to break
  • groynes - barriers built at right angles to beach reduce lsd
  • rock armour boulders along coast to absorb energy
• what are the soft methods of engineering

  beach nourishment - artificially putting sand onto beach