Genome projects

• Genome


  Complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism
• Genome sequencing


  1. Identifying the DNA base sequence of an individual

  2. Allows us to determine the amino acid sequence of the polypeptides coded for by that DNA
• Proteome


  Complete range of proteins that can be produced by a cell
• In simple organisms


  Directly translating the genome into the proteome is possible
• In complex organisms


  Directly translating the genome into the proteome is much harder due to the presence of non-coding DNA & regulatory genes
• Application of sequencing the proteome in simple organisms

  • Identifying potential antigens for use in vaccine production
• Applications of genome sequencing


  • Comparing genomes between species to determine evolutionary relationships
  • Genetic matching
  • Personalised medicine
  • Synthetic biology
• Sequencing methods

  1. Reaction mixture is created

  2. Machine reads the base sequence
• Sequencing methods have changed over time as it used to be a manual process, however now it has become automated