Bio

• Homologous


  Appear different and may have varied functions
• Analogous


  Very different embryological development or set of structures like bones
• Fossil record


  Documents the pattern of evolution, showing that past organisms
• Biogeography


  Geographic distribution of species
• Geographic isolation


  Mates occupy different areas or habitats
• Temporal isolation


  Different groups may not be reproductively mature at the same season, or month or year
• Behavioral isolation


  Patterns of courtship are different
• Mechanical isolation


  Differences in reproductive organs prevent successful interbreeding
• Gametic isolation


  Incompatibilities between egg and sperm prevent fertilization
• Hybrid inviability


  Fertilized egg fails to develop
• Hybrid sterility


  Hybrids are sterile because gonads develop abnormally
• Hybrid breakdown


  F1 hybrids are normal, vigorous and viable, but F2 contains many weak or sterile individuals
• Allopatric speciation


  Members of a population become geographically separated
• Sympatric speciation


  Occupy the same habitat within the same range
• Parapatric speciation


  Groups that evolved to be separate species are geographic neighbors
• Paleontology


  The science that deals with the study of fossils
• Anatomy


  Branch of biology that deals with the structure and parts of an organism
• Bottleneck


  Large reduction in the size of a population
• Mutation


  Change in the DNA of an organism
• Homology


  Similarity of parts of different organisms caused by evolutionary derivation
• Heritability


  Variation in traits of individuals may be passed on to their offspring
• Overproduction


  Organisms can produce more individuals
• Reproductive advantage


  Some traits allow individuals to gain more advantage
• EON


  The largest unit of geological time
• Hadean Eon


  The earliest and shortest of the three eons
• Archean Eon


  Longest of the three eons
• Phanerozoic Eon


  Youngest eon of time
• ERA


  A subdivision of an eon, marked by significant changes in the Earth's environment and life forms
• Period


  A division of an era
• Eras are divided into periods
• Cenozoic Era


  Sometimes called the "age of mammals"
• Artificial selection


  Intervention of humans allows for only selected organisms to breed and produce offspring
• Mesozoic Era


  Represents the "age of dinosaurs"
• Devonian Period


  Known as the "Age of Fishes"
• Natural selection


  Some individuals in a population with certain traits
• George Cuvier


  Idea of catastrophe
• Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired traits


  The environment affects the evolution of organisms