DIURETICS

• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors “CAIs”

  acetazolamide
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors “CAIs” Action

  inhibit activity of enzyme carbonic anhydrase found in kidney and eyes, increases sodium and water excretion
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors “CAIs” Uses

  GLAUCOMA, EDEMA
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors “CAIs” Contraindications

  low sodium or potassium, renal failure
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors “CAIs” Adverse Effects

  DROWSINESS, HYPOKALEMIA
• Interactions of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors “CAIs”

  Digoxin, Corticosteroids
• Loop Diuretics

  furosemide, toresmide, bumetanide
• Loop Diuretics Action

  potent diuretics block chloride and sodium reabsorption in loop of henle, increase urinary production
• Loop Diuretics Uses

  EDEMA (HEART FAILURE), HTN
• Loop Diuretics Contrindications

  électrolyte loss
• Loop Diuretics Adverse Effects

  DIZZINESS, TINNITUS, N/V/D, HYPOKALEMIA, HYPERGLYCEMIA, (interacts with medications treating diabetes)
• Loop Diuretics Interactions

  vancomycin, digoxin, NSAIDS
• Loop Diuretics

  [ need potassium supplement or food containing potassium... COMMONLY USED ]
• Osmotic Diuretics

  mannitol
• Osmotic Diuretics Action

  increases osmotic pressure and pulls fluid into the renal tubules, and reduces cerebral edema
• Osmotic Diuretics Uses

  RENAL FAILURE, CEREBRAL
• Osmotic Diuretics Contrindications

  severe renal disease, pulmonary edema, intracranial bleed
• Osmotic Diuretics Adverse Effects

  SEIZURES, THROMBOPHELBITIS
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics

  spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics Action

  block aldosterone receptors, causing sodium and water excretion (weak diuretic effect)
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics Uses

  hypertension, used in conjunction with loop diuretics, prevent k loss, heart failure
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics Contrindications

  HYPERKALEMIA, SEVERE RENAL FAILURE
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics Adverse Effects

  dizziness, headache cramps, N/V/D
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics Interactions

  Ace inhibitors or K supplements, can results hyperkalemia
• Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics

  hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), metolazone
• Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics Action

  inhibit reabsorption of sodium, cloride, and potassium in distal tubule
• Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics Uses

  HTN, HEART FAILURE, EDEMA
• Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics Contrindications

  HYPERGLYCEMIA
• Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics Adverse Effects

  N/V/D, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, increased in uric acid
• Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics Interactions

  steroids, digoxin, oral hypoglycemia
• Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics

  COMMONLY USED. May take with another diuretic, ex.. furosemide (loop diuretic)