Cell biology

Created by

millie

Cards (70)

Name 3 parts of the microscope
Fine focus, objective lens, coarse focus
Advantages of light microscope
View living samples, cheap
Disadvantages of light microscope
2D image, low magnification
Advantages of electron microscope
High magnification, 3D image
Disadvantages of electron microscope
Dead samples, expensive
Function of cytoplasm
This is where chemical reactions happen
Function of nucleus
Controls cells activities
Function of the cell membrane
It’s structure is permeable so controls movement of substances entering and exiting the cell
Function of mitochondria
Where most energy is released during respiration
Function of ribosomes
Protein synthesis occurs
What 3 things do only plant cells have?
Chloroplast, vacuole and cell wall
Function of chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light during photosynthesis
Function of cell wall
Strengthens cell and supports plant
Function of vacuole
Filled with cell sap to keep cell turgid
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A bacterial cell
What is a eukaryotic cell?
An animal or plant cell
Name 3 things found in a bacterial cell
Pili, plasmid and nucleoid region
Which cell is smaller eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Prokaryotic
Where is the dna in bacterial cells?
A single molecule or found on rings called plasmids
Name 2 adaptations of sperm cells
Head contains DNA for fertilisation, packed with mitochondria needed to swim and fertilise the egg
Name 2 adaptations of muscle cells
Filaments of protein slide over eachother to cause contraction, developed mitochondria for contraction
Name 3 adaptations of nerve cells
Cell is extended so nerves can go to and from parts of the body to CNS, branches allow cell to communicate with other nerve cells, cell covered in fatty sheath to insulate cell and speed impulses
Name 2 adaptations of root hair cells
Large surface area to provide contact with soil, thin walls so it doesn’t restrict movement of water
Name 2 adaptations of xylem cells
No walls so there is a continuous column of water, walls thickened with lignin to support plant
Name 2 adaptations of phloem cells
Dissolved sugars and amino acids transported up the stem, companion cell opposite the sieve tube to provide energy required to transport substances
What is a chromosome?
It carries DNA in the form of molecules
What does mitosis do?
It ensures that when each cell divides the new cell has identical DNA
How many chromosomes does each cell have?
46 (23 pairs)
What does the circulatory system do?
Transports substances and defends the body
What does the excretory system do?
Removes waste products
What does the muscular system do?
Brings about movement
What does the nervous system do?
Carry chemical messages to the body
What does the respiratory system do?
Delivers oxygen for respiration
What does the reproductive system do?
Brings about fertilisation of the egg
What does the skeletal system do?
Brings about movement
What is the role of palisade mesophyll in plants?
Carries out photosynthesis
What is the role of spongy mesophyll in plants?
Allows gases to circulate in exchange of gasses between leaf and environment
What is the role of guard cells?
Open and closes to control exchange of gases
What is the function of sieve tubes in phloem?
Transports products of photosynthesis to where it is needed
What is the function of companion cells in phloem?
Provides energy to sieve tubes