Child disorders

• Mental Retardation

  • IQ level of 70 or below
  • Shows impaired adaptive behavior before the age of 18
• Mental Retardation child trouble in communication, self-care, home living, social skills, health and safety.
• CAUSES [HATED NEONATES]

  • HIV/AIDS/RUBELLA
  • Alcoholic mother
  • Excessive Pb(lid) poisoning
  • Damage to the brain
  • Neurologic impairment
  • Exact AOG not met
  • Opiate intoxication
  • Nutritional deficiency (folate)
  • Anoxia (lack of oxygen)
  • Toxemia (preeclampsia)
  • Environmental factors
  • Severe RH incompatibility
• Mild Mental Retardation

  • IQ 50 to 70
  • Educable - until 6th grade
• Moderate Mental Retardation

  • IQ level of 35 to 50
  • Until 2nd grade
  • Basic skills acquired
  • Need supervision
  • Trainable
  • Poor awareness need of others
• Severe Mental Retardation

  • IQ level of 20 to 35
  • Unable to learn academic skills
  • Trained ADLs
• Profound Mental Retardation

  • IQ level below 20
  • Limited function of sensorimotor
  • Total nursing care
  • Custodial or infant like
• Nursing Management for Mental Retardation (child)

  • Promote the feeling of worth and security to enhance self-esteem
  • Deal with child's developmental age
  • Teach slowly like simple terms and outlined steps
  • use behavioral modification
• Another nursing management for MR(3R)

  • Repetition
  • Reinforcement
  • Routine
• Mental Retardation child must focus on teaching

  • Reading
  • Arithmetic
  • Writing
• Autism

  • Known as kanner's autism
• Autism impairment in social interaction
• Autism impairment in communication
• Autism have restricted repetitive
• Autism is common in men
• Autism diagnosed at 2 years old
• Autism main problem with interpersonal functioning
• Management for autism

  • Providing consistent routine (ADLs)
  • Set limits on behavior
  • Make physical contact on daily basis
  • Prevent acts Of self-destructive behavior
• Play therapy and behavior modification can work on autism child
• Autism management includes tranquilizers and amphetamines
• Haloperidol can be use for symptomatic relief of self-destructive behavior of autism
• Mild autism - Asperger's disorders, delay seen in preschool or school age.
• Manifestation of Asperger's disorders

  • Clumsy
  • Autistic-type behavior of hand flapping
  • Verbal IQ is greater than performance IQ
  • social deficits
• Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder

  • Inattention
  • Hyperactivity
  • Impulsivity
  • Onset before 7 (last for 6 months)
  • High norepinephrine and serotonin
• Norepinephrine plays a crucial role in regulations of arousal, attention, cognitive and stress reaction
• Serotonin regulates mood, sleep, appetite, cognition, and pain sensation
• Management for attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder

  • Set realistic and attainable goal
  • Provide consistent and firm discipline
  • Provide structured environment - balance energy with learning experience and less stimulation
• Management for finger food - Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder management

  • Vitamin B complex
  • No caffeinated drinks/food
  • Methylphenidate (Ritalin) -for insomnia
  • Dextroamphetamine sulfate
• Conduct disorders diagnosed before 15 to 18 years old
• Manifestation of conduct disorder

  • Truancy - decline to go to school
  • misbehavior at School
  • Vandalism
  • Substance abuse and cruelty
  • Disobedience
• TIC disorders

  • Rapid, largely involuntary movement or noise
  • Problem with motor or verbal
• Tourette's syndrome

  • Combination
  • Before 18
  • Coprolalia - inappropriate words repetition
  • Echolalia - repetition of other people's word
  • Palilalia - repetition of own words
  • Echopraxia - mirroring action